Turkish American

Infobox Ethnic group
group = Turkish American


caption = flagicon|Turkeyflagicon|USA
poptime = 164,945cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:571;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:571;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:571;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:571&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=006&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en|coauthors=United States Census Bureau|title=US demographic census|accessdate=2006-11-19]
500,000"' [ [http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=TIC The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History] ] [ [http://www.amerikadakiturk.com/akademiSK09.html A brief history of the Turks in United States] ]
(including those of ancestral descent)
langs = Turkish, American English
rels = Predominately Muslim
related =

Turkish Americans ( _tr. Amerikadaki Türkler) are people that have Turkish ancestry. who live in the United States.

Definition

By Turkish, this could mean roots linking back to Turkey, Cyprus, the Balkans, or other communities of the Turkish diaspora.

History

The presence of Turks in the Americas dates to the 17th century. However, there is little authoritative evidence for this claim other than archives dating from the Ottoman Empire. The biggest migration from the Ottoman Empire to the new continent was driven after slavery became illegal. It is known that approximately 7,000 Turks mostly from the small Anatolian city of Elazığ worked on the Ford Motor Company assembly line in Detroit. The onset of World War I was a turning point for many Turks who had come to America. Several hundred Turks returned to Turkey and joined the Ottoman Army. Most Turks stayed in America and some Turks enlisted in the American military.

However, upon knowledge of the allied occupation of Istanbul and Greek occupation of Izmir, fights broke out between Turks and Greeks in factories and streets and about half of the Turkish community in the United States returned to Turkey to fight against the invading foreign forces in what is now known as the Turkish War for Independence.

A second exodus of Turks occurred during the Great Depression. Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk sent Turkish ships to America, offering free passage home to any Turk who would leave, so many Turks took up the offer and returned to Turkey. The second wave of migration came right after World War II when the United States accepted the Alien Registration Act. After this date, especially elite Turkish academics migrated to the United States for better educational opportunities and resources. Along with the brain drain immigrants, many working class Turks also settled in the United States. A brief history of the Turkish presence in the United States can be found at [http://www.amerikadakiturk.com/akademiSK09.html AmerikadakiTurk] .

Early Turkish immigrants to the United States were predominantly from Turkey's rural community. They settled in large, industrial cities and found employment as unskilled laborers. The majority came to earn money so that they could improve their economic situation and that of their families in Turkey. After the 1950s, a well-skilled and highly educated class immigrated to the United States, the majority being medical doctors, engineers, and scientists. Today, Turkish Americans are visible in virtually every field. The majority are professionals and enjoy a upper middle class lifestyle.

Demographics

Since the 1970s, the number of Turkish immigrants has risen to more than 2,000 per year. [ [http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Sr-Z/Turkish-Americans.html Turkish Americans ] ] Members of this most recent immigrant group vary widely. Many opened small businesses in the United States and created Turkish American organizations, thus developing Turkish enclaves, particularly in New York City. Still others came for educational purposes.

According to the 2000 US census, there are 117,575 Americans (and to 2005 American Community Survey there are 164,945) of full or partial Turkish descent. From the beginning of Turkish immigration to the United States, many Turks have settled in or around large urban centers. The greatest number have settled in Paterson, Brooklyn, New York, California, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Florida and Rochester. Other concentrations of Turkish Americans may be found along the East Coast in New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, and Virginia, and some have ventured into Minnesota, Indiana, Texas, and Alabama. Many of these communities are served by various local community associations. Membership totals are hard to obtain but range from 50 members to almost 500 members.

Little Arabia is a neighborhood in Paterson, New Jersey which is sometimes called Little İstanbul because of its large number of Turks. Paterson has always been home to immigrants looking to make a start in the new world. Today, the faces are largely of immigrants from the Islamic World. South Paterson is bordered by Madison Avenue to the north, Crooks Avenue to the south, Hazel Street to the west, and East Railway Avenue to the east.

The Turkish American community is becoming more close-knit as their social life is revolved around coffee houses and benevolent societies. In Peabody, Massachusetts, coffee houses on "Walnut Street" became a congregating place for the Turks living in the area. It was here the community members exchange news about their villages while sipping Turkish coffee and noshing on sweet pastry.

Individual and group contributions

Turkish Americans have made numerous contributions to American society, particularly in the fields of education, medicine, and science. Others, including "Tunç Yalman", artistic director of the Milwaukee Repertory Theater, and "Osmar Karakas", who was awarded the 1991 National Press Award for the best news photograph, have contributed significantly to the arts.

Music industry

Perhaps the most successful Turkish name associated with music outside of Turkey and in the United States is Atlantic Records' founder, Ahmet Ertegün. His promotion of some of the most famous R&B and soul artists in North America and contribution to the American music industry has earned him a place in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame together with his brother Nesuhi Ertegün. Arif Mardin is another major popular music producer and arranger in America. His clients included Aretha Franklin, the Bee Gees, Carly Simon, Roberta Flack, and Bette Midler. After briefly meeting Ahmet Ertegün at the Newport Jazz Festival, he joined Atlantic Records and served as their Vice President until his death.

cience and mathematics

Feza Gursey (1921-1993) was the J. Willard Gibbs Professor Emeritus of Physics at Yale University. He contributed major studies on the group structure of elementary particles and the symmetries of interactions. Professor Gursoy helped bridge the gap between physicists and mathematicians at Yale. He was the winner of the prestigious Oppenheimer Prize and Wigner Medal.

Muzafer Sherif (born July 29, 1906, in Odemis, Izmir, Turkey – died October 16, 1988, in Fairbanks, Alaska) was one of the founders of social psychology. He helped develop social judgment theory and realistic conflict theory.

Media

Turkish Radio and TV Broadcasts in the U.S.A.

*Ebru TV- It is a 24/7 satellite TV.The mission of Ebru Television is to continually educate, inspire and entertain viewers of all ages through original first-rate programming in the sciences, sporting events, fine arts and every aspect of culture.They strive to foster understanding among all people through intercultural dialogue and mutual respect, thus promoting peace and diversity with our neighbors here and throughout the world.
*The Young Turks- Is the first ever Internet TV news show. The video of the show is streamed daily on their website, and available for podcast.
*Turkish American Hour - Turkish American Hour - English program produced by TAT.Home based in Fairfax Public Access and re-broadcasted in Maryland and DC. [http://www.turkishamericanhour.org]

*Turk American Televizyonu - Turkish program produced by TAT. Home based in Fairfax Public Access and re-broadcasted in Maryland and DC. [http://www.turkishamericanhour.org]

*Turkish Hour TV Show - Entirety of the USA. Monday through Sunday.
*Voice of Anatolia TV - WNYE Channel 25, Sundays at 3:30 PM to 4PM (Can be received off the air in the NYC metropolitan area, also everyday from 7:30 to 8 PM on cable Channel 57 in some NYC boroughs.)
*ATV News - SCOLA channel cable TV, Monday-Friday 11 to 12 AM EDT, Saturdays 7 to 8 PM EDT (taped). For more info call Savas Suzal [phone] or [phone], or fax to [phone].
*Turkish Hour - Cultural Cable Channel, Ch. 50 on Cox Cable in New Orleans, Louisiana. Mondays 4:30 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesdays7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Sundays 9:30 - 10:30 p.m. An ITVFC Program.
*Turkish Hour - Channels 7 & 10 on Warner Cable System, Cincinnati, OH. Mondays 8:30 pm (Ch. 7) Thursdays 2:00 pm (Ch. 10) Sundays 11:00 am (Ch. 10) Sponsored by Tri-State Turkish American Association.
*Voice of Turkey - ICAT Channel 15 (Cable) in Rochester, NY Wednesdays & Saturdays 8 pm -10 pm by Ahmet Turgut.

Turkish Newspapers and Periodicals in the U.S.A.

*The Turkish Times- a weekly newspaper of the Assembly of Turkish American Associations which covers Turkish American issues with news articles, editorials, and business information.
*Turk of America- first Turkish American bi-monthly business magazine
*Turkish Daily News- Turkey's English-language newspaper
*TurkishSoccer.com
*Zaman Newspaper- a daily newspaper which covers Turkish American issues with news articles,editorials, and business information.

Organisations and associations

*Istanbul University Alumni Association of USA (IUMEZUSA) is a non-political, non-profit organization founded in April, 2005 to promote better understanding between the American and Turkish peoples through social, educational, and cultural activities.
*Turkish Cultural Center (TCC) The Turkish Cultural Center is located in the heart of New York City. The Center is an institution committed to community involvement. The organization hopes to be a forum of international cultural exchange while promoting Turkish Cultural Heritage. www.turkishculturalcenter.com
*American Turkish Friendship Council (ATFC)- is devoted to increasing understanding of commercial, defense, and cultural issues involving the United States and Turkey.
*American Turkish Society (ATS) was founded in 1949, and has a membership of 400 American and Turkish diplomats, banks, corporations, businessmen, and educators. It promotes economic and commercial relations as well as cultural understanding between the people of the United States and Turkey.
*Assembly of Turkish American Associations was founded in 1979, and has approximately 10,500 members and coordinates activities of regional associations for the purpose of presenting an objective view of Turkey and Turkish Americans and enhancing understanding between these two groups.
*Federation of Turkish-American Associations (FTAA) was founded in 1956 and composed of about 30 local organizations of Turkish Americans, it works to advance educational interests and to maintain and preserve knowledge of Turkey's cultural heritage.
*Turkish American Association (TAA) was founded in 1965, and has approximately 15,000 members and promotes cultural relations between the United States and Turkey.
*Turkish Women's League of America (TWLA)was founded in 1958, and comprises Americans of Turkish origin united to promote equality and justice for women.
*Turkish American Cultural Alliance (TACA) founded in 1968
*Turkish-American Scientists and Scholars Association (TASSA) was formally established on June 5th, 2004
* [http://www.raindropturkevi.org Raindrop Turkish House] was established in 2000 in Houston, Texas and operates in 6 states: Texas, Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Raindrop Foundation aims to introduce Turkish culture into American society and cultivate friendship and promote the understanding of diverse cultures through its unique services to the community, through dialog and corporation.

Famous Turkish Americans

ee also

* European American
* Hyphenated American
* List of Turkish-Americans
* List of Turks
* Turkish diaspora

References

Further reading

* cite journal
quotes =
last = Kaya
first = Ilhan
authorlink =
coauthors =
date =
year = 2004
month = October
title = Turkish-American immigration history and identity formations
journal = Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
volume = 24
issue = 2
pages = 295–308
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* cite journal
quotes =
last = Micallef
first = Roberta
authorlink =
coauthors =
date =
year = 2004
month = October
title = Turkish Americans: performing identities in a transnational setting
journal = Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
volume = 24
issue = 2
pages = 233–241
issn =
pmid =
doi =
id =
url =
language =
format =
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laysummary =
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External links

* [http://www.turkicfest.org Turkic Cultures and Children's Festival in Houston, TX, US, Turkic Fest in US]
* [http://kucukcoban.8m.com/YAZILAR/turks_america.html A History of Turks in America]