William Melville Martin

William Melville Martin (August 23, 1876 – June 22, 1970) served as Liberal Premier of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan from 1916 to 1922.

Martin was elected to the House of Commons for Regina in the Canadian federal election, 1908 federal election, and re-elected in the 1911 election. In 1916, he entered provincial politics to take over the leadership of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party and become Premier. Martin, an outsider to provincial politics, was chosen by the Liberals in order to help distance them from allegations of corruption. Martin brought farmers' advocate Charles A. Dunning into the cabinet in an attempt to revitalise the Liberals, and instituted reforms to clean up the government. These changes were successful in cleansing the government's image, and Martin led the government to re-election in the 1917 election, winning 51 of 55 seats.

The United Farmers and Progressive movements were riding a national wave of agrarian discontent which undercut the Liberals across Canada, and threatened to engulf the Saskatchewan Liberals as well. Martin successfully attempted to embrace the populist movement by, in 1920, severing ties with the federal Liberal Party of Canada [Coneghan, Damian [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/progressive_party.html Progressive Party] , "Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan", accessed February 12, 2008] bringing in Dunning and also by recruiting another farm leader, federal Progressive MP John Archibald Maharg, into the government. The Liberals were able to resist the Progressive challenge in the 1921 election, which returned 46 Liberals to 6 Progressives, 7 Independents, 1 Labour MLA and 3 Conservatives.

A political crisis developed, however, when Premier Martin campaigned for the federal Liberal Party of Canada against the populist Progressives. Martin declared his opposition to a number of Progressive policies during the campaign leading Maharg, a Progressive supporter, to resign from Cabinet. [ [http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/martin_william_melville_1876-1970.html Martin, William Melville (1876–1970)] , "Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan", accessed February 12, 2008] The split in the Martin Cabinet led to the Premier's resignation and his replacement by Charles Dunning.

Martin retired from politics in 1922 and became a judge of the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal. From 1941 until 1961, Martin was Chief Justice of Saskatchewan (presiding over the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal).

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