Neustosaurus

Neustosaurus Temporal range: 140–136 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Valanginian
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Subclass:	Diapsida
Infraclass:	Archosauromorpha
(unranked):	Mesoeucrocodylia
Suborder:	Thalattosuchia
Family:	Metriorhynchidae
Genus:	Neustosaurus Raspail , 1842 [1]

Neustosaurus is a genus of marine crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous. Neustosaurus was a carnivore that spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. No Neustosaurus eggs or nest have been discovered, so little is known of the reptile's lifecycle, unlike other large marine reptiles of the Mesozoic, such as plesiosaurs or ichthyosaurs which are known to give birth to live young out at sea. Where Neustosaurus mated, whether on land or at sea, is currently unknown. The name Neustosaurus means "Swimming lizard", and is derived from the Greek Neustos- ("swimming") and σαῦρος -sauros ("lizard").

History of discovery

There is only a single described species within Neustosaurus, the type species N. gigondarum.^[1] The holotype material consists of only the posterior of trunk and the tail, discovered in France.^[1] However, identifying metriorhynchid genera from post-cranials is not easy,^[2] as such until diagnostic material is discovered Neustosaurus is considered nomen dubium.^[3] Neustosaurus has been considered a junior synonym of either Dakosaurus ^[3] and Geosaurus ^[4] over the past 100 years. In 2009, Young and Andrade published a re-description of Geosaurus, examining its relationships and the validity of species lumped into the genus. They concluded that Neustosaurus is a nomen dubium, but if new material was discovered it would be the senior synonym of Cricosaurus.^[5]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Raspail E. 1842. Observations sur un nouveau genre de saurien fossile, le Neustosaurus gigondarum. Paris: 56 pp.
2. ^ Fraas E. 1902. Die Meer-Krocodilier (Thalattosuchia) des oberen Jura unter specieller Berücksichtigung von Dacosaurus und Geosaurus. Paleontographica 49: 1-72.
3. ^ ^{a b} Buffetaut, E. 1982. Radiation évolutive, paléoécologie et biogéographie des Crocodiliens mésosuchienes. Mémoires Societé Geologique de France 142: 1–88.
4. ^ Piveteau J. 1928. Le reptile de Gigondas et l’évolution des Métriorhynchidés. Annales de Paléontologie 17: 30-47.
5. ^ Young, Mark T., and Marco Brandalise de Andrade, 2009. "What is Geosaurus? Redescription of Geosaurus giganteus (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157: 551-585.