Mousa

Mousa
Location
Mousa
Mousa shown within Scotland
OS grid reference	HU460240
Names
Norse name	Mósey (Norwegian: Mosøy)
Meaning of name	Old Norse: moor or mossy island[1]
Area and summit
Area	180 hectares (0.69 sq mi)[1]
Area rank	116=
Highest elevation	55 metres (180 ft)[1]
Population
Population	0
Groupings
Island group	Shetland
Local Authority	Shetland Islands
References	[2][3]
If shown, area and population ranks are for all Scottish islands and all inhabited Scottish islands respectively. Population data is from 2001 census.

Mousa (Old Norse: Mosey "moss island") is a small island in Shetland, Scotland, uninhabited since the nineteenth century. The island is known for the Broch of Mousa, an Iron Age round tower, and is designated as a Special Protection Area for storm-petrel breeding colonies.

Geography

Mousa as seen from the mainland; the broch is visible on the right.

Mousa lies a mile off the east coast of Mainland Shetland about 15 miles (24 km) south of Lerwick. Almost divided in two by inlets, East and West Hams, the island is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and almost 1-mile (1.6 km) in maximum width. Geologically beds of hard sandstone alternate with muddy limestones that weather to produce fertile soil. A quarry provided flagstones for Lerwick.^[1]

Mousa’s fertile soil supports a rich diversity of plants, including sheep’s-bit and creeping willow in the herb-rich grassland, despite the wind, salt spray and grazing by sheep.^[4]

The Norse tended to consider an island to be something that they could circumnavigate, and this included being able to drag a boat over land. Thus Mousa was considered two islands, namely North Isle and South Isle.

History

A misty day at Mousa Broch

Mousa on the Carta Marina in 1539

Main article: Broch of Mousa

Mousa Broch is the best preserved Iron Age fortification in the British Isles.^[5] The 2000 year old round tower stands above a rocky shoreline, one of a pair of brochs guarding Mousa Sound. They may be part of a chain of brochs in this part of Shetland, visible from each other as beacons. The other of the "pair", at Burland on the Mainland is far less well preserved. Many brochs were the focus of a settlement, but there has never been a full archaeological investigation to confirm this at Mousa. It was cleared out in 1860 and 1919. Mousa has survived intact to such a height and is thought to never have been much higher than it is today. It escaped stone gathering for nearby stone walls and croft houses (now ruined).^[6]

Mousa is mentioned in the Orkneyinga Saga as being used as a place of defence during invasions, as well as a lovers' hideout.

The entrance passage into Mousa is long, reflecting the enormous thickness of its walls^[7]. At its base the broch is 15m in diameter, but the interior is only 6m in diameter. Within the huge thickness of the base of the walls are a range of chambers probably used for storage, while at higher levels passages run between the inner and outer skins of the wall. On the inside a steep flight of steps leads to the top of the wall. Half way up is a landing which probably gave access to an upper level of the interior of the broch, built on a ledge running around the circumference of the interior.^[6]

Conservation

The east coast of Mousa towards the Peerie Bard

Mousa is known for grey and common seals, guillemots, Arctic Terns and storm-petrels.^[8]

Mousa holds c.6,800 breeding pairs of European Storm-petrels in total. This represents about 8% of the British population and 2.6% of the world population.^[9][10] The island has been designated a Special Protection Area^[11] and is run as a reserve by the RSPB.^[8]

Storm petrels may also be found at the reserve of Haaf Gruney.

Transport

The island is readily accessed using the passenger-only ferry which operates from the Shetland Mainland at Leebitton, Sandwick in summer time.

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. pp. 411-14. ISBN 1841954543. 
2. ^ Ordnance Survey
3. ^ Anderson, Joseph (Ed.) (1893) Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. James Thin and Mercat Press (1990 reprint). ISBN 0-901824-25-9
4. ^ "Mousa Reserve guide" (pdf). RSPB. http://www.mousaboattrips.co.uk/Mousa_Leaflet_1.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-10. 
5. ^ "Overview of Mousa". Gazetteer for Scotland. http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst1405.html. Retrieved 2007-12-10. 
6. ^ ^{a b} "Mousa Broch". Undiscovered Scotland. http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/mousa/mousabroch/index.html. Retrieved 2007-12-09. 
7. ^ D. Thomas, 2011 An Investigation of Aural Space inside Mousa Broch by Observation and Analysis of Sound and Light, Internet Archaeology 30, http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue30/thomas_index.html
8. ^ ^{a b} "Mousa". RSPB. http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/m/mousa/index.asp. Retrieved 2007-12-10. 
9. ^ Ratcliffe, N.; Vaughan, D.; White, M. (1998). "The status of Storm Petrels on Mousa, Shetland". Scottish Birds 19: 154–159. 
10. ^ Harrop, Hugh; Tipling, David (2002). "The Storm Petrels of Mousa". Birding World 15 (8): 332–333. 
11. ^ "SAC Standard Data Form" (pdf). JNCC. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/pdf/SPA/UK9002361.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-10. 

Coordinates: 60°00′N 1°10′W / 60°N 1.167°W / 60; -1.167