Up series

Infobox Film
name = Up Series


producer = Tim Hewat (uncredited)
caption = cover for the Up Series box set
(first 6 films)
director = Michael Apted
writer =
starring =
music =
cinematography =
editing =
distributor =
country = UK
released = May 5, 1964 -
22 September, 2005
runtime =
language = English
budget = The Up Series consists of a series of documentary films that have followed the lives of fourteen British children since 1964, when they were seven years old. The children were selected to represent the range of socio-economic backgrounds in Britain at that time, with the explicit assumption that each child's social class predetermines their future. Every seven years, the director, Michael Apted, films new material from as many of the fourteen as he can get to participate. The latest film, "49 Up", was released in September 2005; filming for the next instalment in the series, "56 Up", is expected in late 2011 or early 2012.

Creation

The first film in the series, "Seven Up!", was directed by Paul Almond, and commissioned by Granada Television as a programme in the "World in Action" series broadcast in 1964. At the time there was no plan for them to return in seven years time; the second film was made almost as an afterthought, but the pattern of the series was established. From "7 plus Seven" onward the films have been directed by Michael Apted, who had been a researcher on "Seven Up!" and chose the original children with Gordon McDougall. The premise of the film was taken from the Jesuit motto "Give me a child until he is seven and I will give you the man," which is based on a quotation by Francis Xavier. The 1998 programme was commissioned by BBC One, although still produced for them by Granada.

Participants

The fourteen subjects are Bruce Balden, Jackie Bassett, Symon Basterfield, Andrew Brackfield, John Brisby, Peter Davies, Susan Davis, Charles Furneaux, Nicholas Hitchon, Neil Hughes, Lynn Johnson, Paul Kligerman, Suzanne Lusk and Tony Walker. In "Seven Up!" the narrator mentions 21 children taking part, and this number can be counted at both the zoo and the party that they take part in. Apted mentions in commentary that they chose the original children, but not all of the original 21 filmed well. The only child named other than the fourteen acknowledged participants is a girl named Michelle, who is from the same East End school as Tony and is interviewed as his girlfriend.

The participants were chosen in an attempt to represent different social classes in Britain in the 1960s. Apted admits in the commentary track of "42 Up" DVD that he was asked to find children at the extremes. Because the show was not originally intended to become a repeating series, no long-term contract was signed with the participants. The interviews since "Seven Up!" have been voluntary, although the participants have been paid an unknown sum for their appearance in each film, as well as equal parts of any prize the film may win, says Apted. In more recent films, each subject is filmed in about two days, and the interview itself takes more than six hours. The director admits this is a long process, but a very necessary one. The filmmakers want to capture the most of each character: scenes from work, family and whatever is relevant to give depth to them. After filming each participant is shown the edited footage and can request further alterations if they choose.

John, Charles and Andrew

These three boys were chosen from the same pre-preparatory school in the wealthy London suburb of Kensington. They are introduced to us in "Seven Up!" singing "Waltzing Matilda" in Latin. At the age of seven, when asked what newspaper he read, if any, Andrew stated that he read The Financial Times (although he later revealed he was in fact just repeating what his father had told him when asked the same question), and all three could say which prep schools, public schools and universities they planned to attend (Oxford/Cambridge in all cases); two even named the specific Oxbridge college they intended to join. John, who was vocal on politics by 14, attended Oxford and became a [http://www.4stonebuildings.com/members/4.html barrister] . In "21 Up", John expressed his dismay at how the first two entries had portrayed him as having his whole life laid out for him, and not mentioning all the hard work he had put into getting there, and chose not to appear on "28 Up". He returned in "35 Up", although he did so only because he wanted to publicise his Oxfam relief efforts for Bulgaria (his mother is Bulgarian and he married the daughter of Sir Donald Logan, a former ambassador to Bulgaria). He would only appear in "35 Up" under the condition that a member of the "Up" series crew other than Apted interview him. He did not appear in "42 Up", but returned again in "49 Up", by which time he had ascended to the rank of Queen's Counsel.

Of the three, Andrew's academic career most closely followed the course laid out in "Seven Up!", culminating in his matriculation at Trinity College, Cambridge, exactly according to plan. Andrew subsequently became a solicitor, married, and raised a family. He is the only one out of the three to have been in all the "Up" films.

Charles did not make it into Oxford, although at 21 he said he was glad to have avoided the "prep school-Marlborough-Oxbridge conveyor belt" by going to Durham University instead, attending Oxford as a post-graduate student. He has worked in journalism in varying capacities over the years, including as a producer for the BBC, and in the making of documentary films, including "Touching the Void" (2003). He has chosen not to appear in the series after "21 Up", other than with a single photograph in each new film. During an on-stage interview at London's National Film Theatre in December 2005, Michael Apted revealed that Charles had attempted to sue him when he refused to remove his appearances from the archive sequences in "49 Up".

uzy

Suzy comes from a wealthy background, and was first filmed at a boarding school. Her parents divorced around the time of "7 plus seven", and she seems rather lost at that point. One of the interviews with her takes place on the lawn of her family's Scottish estate. At 21 she is chain smoking, rather taciturn, and is clearly unsure what to do with her life. However, by "28 Up" she has made an astonishing turn-around that seems to be entirely the result of a successful marriage (only 18 months after "21 Up") and having children. Her husband Rupert Dewey is a successful solicitor in Bath, England and they have three children; two boys and a girl, life seems to have treated her well in the end. In a review, the "Spectator" magazine once reported on her father's title. In "49 Up", Suzy says that she has grown tired of being involved in the series and may not participate in any future entries.

Jackie, Lynn and Sue

These three girls (clearly good friends at 7) were chosen from the same primary school in a working class neighbourhood of London. Jackie and Sue eventually went to a comprehensive school, while Lynn went to a grammar school. Jackie and Lynn got married at 19, Sue at 24. Lynn became a children's (and later, school) librarian at 21 and has remained in that career since then. Jackie and Sue each went through several different jobs, got divorced, and raised children as single parents. Apted insists on getting them together for a group interview for at least a short time, as it creates a parallel image over time. The shot is generally taken on a couch with the three in the same positions. There is also a picture of the women at 49 on the couch, holding a picture of the women at 42 on the couch, holding a picture of the women at 35 on the couch...

Tony

Tony was chosen from a primary school in the East End of London. His outgoing, active nature is obvious from the beginning. He wants to be a jockey at 7, and was at a stables training for it at 14. By 21 his chance had come and gone, after riding in three races before giving it up. However, in a moment he still recalls as the best of his life, one of his races also featured Lester Piggott, one of the best jockeys of all time. He then "did the knowledge" and made a comfortable life for himself and his family as a London taxi driver. His later dream of becoming an actor has met with modest success; he has had small parts as an extra (almost always playing a cabbie) in several TV programmes since 1986, including "", "The Bill", and twice in "EastEnders", most recently in 2003. He has been one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the project, and he and his wife, Deb, have been very honest about the ups and downs in their marriage. Most notably, in "35 Up" Tony admitted that being in a monogamous relationship was becoming a strain, and by "42 Up" he had actually committed adultery, though he and his wife have got past it and are still together. By "49 Up", he had moved to Essex and owned three homes including a holiday home in Spain.

Paul

Paul was at a charity-based boarding school at 7, his parents having divorced and been left with his father. As a child he talked about how he " [didn't] like greens" to explain his concerns about how having a wife might involve unwelcome lifestyle changes. Soon after "Seven Up!" his father and stepmother moved the family to Australia, where he has remained in the Melbourne area ever since. In "Seven Up!" and "Seven Plus 7," Paul seemed very unsure of himself, but by 21, he had more presence, long hair, and a girlfriend whom he later married and remains with today. After leaving school he was employed as a bricklayer and later set up his own business. In "49 Up" he is working for a sign-making company. Although he has led a full and varied life with its typical ups and downs, his lack of confidence has never left him, and he needed treatment for depression some time after the filming of "42 Up". In both "21 Up" and "49 Up", Paul was reunited with Simon, who had attended the same boarding school; portions of their time together are included in both films.

imon

The only participant with an ethnic minority background is mixed race Simon, who was chosen from the same charity home as Paul. He was an illegitimate child, who apparently never got to know his black father, and had left the charity home to live with his white mother by the time of the "Seven plus seven" filming; her depression is alluded to as the cause for him being in the home. In "21 Up" Simon was working at Wall's sausage factory, and took a nostalgic walk with Paul through the now empty buildings of their old school. As the filming for "35 Up" was taking place, he was going through a divorce, and he elected not to take part in that film. Simon returned for "42 Up" and "49 Up", and seems very happy in a second marriage, though two of his five children from his first marriage are not on speaking terms with him. He and his second wife have become foster parents themselves, in addition to raising the child they had together, and her child from her first marriage.

Nick

Nick was raised on a small farm in Arncliffe, a tiny village in the Yorkshire Dales and educated in a one-room school, and later at a boarding school. He went to Oxford University and ultimately became a nuclear physicist. By "28 Up" he had moved to the USA for a job at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he has remained and is now a full professor in the [http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ece/faculty/hitchon_william.html Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering] . In "42 Up", Nick admitted (somewhat tongue in cheek) that one of his goals was to become more famous for his work as a scientist than for being in the "Up" series, but he was beginning to doubt it would happen. His work involved research into nuclear fusion. He has published many scientific papers and some books, such as [http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521591759 "Plasma Processes for Semiconductor Fabrication"] .

Michael Apted freely admits in his commentary on the DVD for "42 Up" that he erred in thinking that Nick's marriage to Jackie would not last, but it did. Consequently, he unfairly anticipated this in his questions to them during the filming of "28 Up", and in the film's presentation. This upset Jackie, with the result that he was unable to interview her for either "35 Up" or "42 Up". Jackie also decided to keep their son, Adam, out of the project. Soon after "42 Up", Jackie and Nick divorced, but he has since remarried, to Cryss, a [http://www.education.umn.edu/EdPA/People/Brunner.html professor] at the University of Minnesota. "49 Up" shows them splitting time between Madison and Minneapolis, and Adam makes a brief appearance with his dad.

Peter

Peter went to the same middle-class Liverpool suburban school as Neil and, at seven, both wanted to be astronauts. Peter drifted through university, and by age 28 he was an underpaid and seemingly uninspired school teacher. Peter dropped out of the series after "28 Up", when he lost his job as a teacher following a tabloid press campaign against him after he criticised the government of Margaret Thatcher in his interview. Although it was not presented on film, Peter dramatically changed his life after 28; he remarried, became a lawyer and eventually a musician and singer-songwriter. Michael Apted remains in contact with him, and hopes he will return to the project eventually. Unlike Charles, who has similarly declined to participate after "21 Up", Peter's absence is not mentioned, nor are any of the archival interviews from his youth included (though he can be briefly seen in segments with Neil from the first two films as they were interviewed together). He is in a Liverpool-based country-influenced band called [http://www.thegoodintentions.co.uk/ The Good Intentions] .

A picture of him from "21 Up" is included on the DVD cover for the US release of "49 Up".

Neil

The story of Neil has turned out to be one of the most unpredictable of the entire group. At seven he was funny, full of life and hope. At 14 he was doing well in comprehensive school, but was more serious and subdued. In one of the biggest shocks of the series, however, by the time of "21 Up" he was homeless in London, having dropped out of Aberdeen University after one term, and was living in a squat and finding work as he could on building sites. During the interview he is clearly in an agitated state, and it becomes apparent that he has mental health issues and is struggling to cope with life; he mentions he had had thoughts of suicide. This is something he continues to battle with throughout "28 Up" and "35 Up". At 28 he was still homeless, although now in Scotland; by 35 he was living in a council house on the Shetland Islands, off the north coast of Scotland. Although still out of work, he was showing signs of progress. No mention is made of whether developments in medication have been helpful, but Neil does discuss his renewed religious faith and how he believes it has had a helpful influence on his mental state. By the time of "42 Up" he had finally found some stability in his life (with some help from Bruce--he was living in Bruce's apartment in London and Bruce had become a source of emotional support) and was involved in local council politics, as a Liberal Democrat in the London Borough of Hackney. By the time of 49-Up, he is a [http://www.eden.gov.uk/democracy/councillors-in-eden-district/?Action=memberdetails&MemberId=231 District Councillor] in the Eden district of Cumbria, in northwest England.

Bruce

Bruce was presented in "Seven Up!" and "Seven Plus Seven" as an idealist who was concerned with poverty and racial discrimination—he wanted to become a missionary. He was attending a prestigious boarding school, which it seems he has attended since the age of five. At the age of seven, he said that his greatest desire was to see his father, who was living in Rhodesia, and he seemed a little abandoned. At 7 Bruce wanted to be a missionary, although at 14 he felt he wasn't good at speaking in public. Bruce studied mathematics at Oxford University and used his education to teach children in the East End of London and Sylhet, Bangladesh. Apparently shy, Bruce didn't date much, and Apted comments in the commentary track of "42 Up" that he thought it might be possible that Bruce was gay. But finally, just before "42 Up", he married, and Apted broke the seven-year structure of the films to film Bruce's wedding, which was also attended by Neil. Eventually becoming burned out with teaching in the East End, Bruce currently teaches at St Albans School, Hertfordshire, a prestigious public school. Between "42 Up" and "49 Up", he had two sons, and is happily married to a fellow teacher. In 49 Up, when asked to reflect back on his life, Bruce indicates that he would have loved to be an international cricket player. He has continued his love of cricket, teaching it at St Albans, and playing in a local league.

The series' influence

The series has received extraordinary praise over the years, the epitome of which may be Roger Ebert's comment that it is "an inspired, almost noble use, of the film medium" and that the films "penetrate to the central mystery of life". [ [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19981025%2FREVIEWS08%2F401010370%2F1023 Roger Ebert’s Great Movies Review of "The Up Series" up to "42 Up"] ] Ebert rates it in his top ten films of all time.

Attempts have been made to repeat the series with subjects in the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and South Africa. In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, "28 Up" was placed 26th.

Message

The original hypothesis of 7 up was that class structure is so strong in the UK that a person's life path would be set at birth. The producer of the original series had at one point thought to line the children up on the street, have three of them step forward and narrate "of these twenty children, only three will be successful" (the idea was not used in 7 up). The idea of class immobility held up in most cases, but not in others, as the series has progressed. There is a problem with the series as a tool of examination or analysis because the presence of the series has affected the lives of the participants. This is expressed in "21 Up", when the participants are brought together for a party, that the experiment really contributes to itself. ("See Observer effect.") In general, however, the children from the elite prep schools continued in their elite circles, though Andrew did not marry a woman from that circle, which his wife comments upon in one segment. The children from the working classes have by and large remained in those circles, though Tony seems to have become more middle class. Nick has perhaps had the most radical change, due to his intelligence, for which he received several scholarships to elite schools. Paul, through moving to Australia, also experienced great changes. Apted has said that one of his regrets is that they did not take into account feminism, and consequently had fewer girls in their study and did not select them on the basis of any possible careers they might choose.

Although it began as a political documentary, the series has become a film of human nature, existentialism, and the drama of success, failure, promise, disappointment, and growing up. In the director's commentary of "42 Up", Apted comments that he didn't realise the series had changed tone from political to personal until "21 Up", when he showed the film to American friends who encouraged him to submit it (successfully) to American film festivals.

In his commentary for the DVD of "42 Up", Apted praises the courage of the participants to come back and bare the raw facts of their lives every seven years.

Influence on participants

Over the course of the project the programme has had a direct effect in varying degrees on the lives of the participants. The series became popular enough that the participants often speak of being recognised in public. As a testament to the popularity of the series, after "7 Plus Seven", the film in which Simon discusses how he cannot afford a bike, hundreds of bikes were received at Granada Television from viewers. A lot of mail is also sent for the participants, which they can receive from Granada if they so choose.

The opinions of being involved in the series are often mentioned, and vary greatly between the participants. John refers to the programme as a poison pill that he is subjected to every seven years, while Paul's wife credits the series for keeping their marriage together. 49 Up begins with Jackie, who confronts Apted on his questions, his assumptions about her life and his choice of editing.

Paul and Nick were flown back to England for the filming of "35 Up" and "42 Up" respectively; the trips were financed by Granada. Paul was flown back again for "49 Up" and visited with Simon.

By the time of "21 Up", Neil's mental problems had surfaced and he was homeless. Another one of the series subjects, Bruce, was affected by Neil's plight and offered him temporary shelter in his home shortly before "42 Up", allowing Neil time to get settled in London. Despite Neil's eccentricities during his two-month stay, they clearly remained friends, because Neil later gave a reading at Bruce's wedding.

Apted keeps in contact with all of the participants during the intervening seven-year periods and they are paid for taking part in each film.

In his interview with Roger Ebert, which is included as a special feature on the US DVD release of "49 Up", Apted points out that this was the first of the films to be recorded digitally and that this changed the nature of the interviews, as they did not have to take a break every ten minutes to change film in the cameras. Apted feels that this allowed some of the participants to become more at ease as they could talk without interruption.

Cultural references

*In 1992, Tracey Ullman and Michael Palin parodied the series in a segment for Ullman's TV special "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act".
*In 2007 the series was parodied in "The Simpsons" episode "Springfield Up".

List of films in the British series

*"Seven Up!" (5 May, 1964), directed by Paul Almond, narrated by Douglas Keay
*"7 Plus Seven" (15 December, 1970) and after, directed and narrated by Michael Apted
*"21 Up" (9 May, 1977)
*"28 Up" (20–21 November, 1984)
*"35 Up" (22 May, 1991)
*"42 Up" (21–22 July, 1998)
*"49 Up" (15 and 22 September, 2005)

A new version was started in 2000, "7Up 2000" (2000, Julian Farino), continuing with "14 Up 2000" in 2007.

Other similar documentaries

*"Die Kinder von Golzow" (set in former East Germany as well as in unified Germany after 1990). (1961 - 2006) by Winfried Junge

*USSR/Former Soviet republics - by Sergei Miroshnichenko & Jemma Jupp.
**"Age 7 in the USSR" (1990)
**"14 Up Born in the USSR" (1998) (this won an International Emmy)
**"" (2005)

*South Africa - by Angus Gibson
**"7 Up in South Africa" (1992)
**"14 Up in South Africa" (1999)
**"21 Up South Africa" (2007)

*Japan — follows thirteen children living in different parts of Japan.
**"7 Up Japan" (1992)
**"14 Up Japan" (1999)
**"21 Up Japan" (2006)

*United States
**"Age 7 in America" (1991) directed by Phil Joanou
**"14 Up in America" (1998)
**"21 Up in America" (2006) directed by Christopher Dillon Quinn [http://www.silverdocs.com/2006/films/21upa.aspx "21 Up in America"] site]

*"Married in America" (2002) also by Michael Apted

*Australia - by Gillian Armstrong
**"Smokes and Lollies" (1975)
**"14's Good, 18's Better" (1980)
**"More Smokes, Less Lollies" (1981)
**"Not Fourteen Again" (1996)

*France
**"Que deviendront-ils ?" from Michel Fresnel (1984 to 1996)

*Denmark
**"Årgang 0" by TV2 (2000) - The show follows the children from birth.

*The Netherlands
**Bijna volwassen (1982) - follows a group of 17-18-year-olds.
**Bijna 30 (1994)
**Bijna 40 (2005)

ee also

* "Boyhood" - Film that will follow a boy from the age of six through to eighteen being shot in real time over twelve years.

References

Bibliography

*Stella Bruzzi (2007), "Seven Up". London: British Film Institute.

External links

*imdb title|id=0058578|title=Seven Up!
*imdb title|id=0066356|title=7 Plus Seven
*imdb title|id=0075610|title=21 Up
*imdb title|id=0088650|title=28 Up
*imdb title|id=0101254|title=35 Up
*imdb title|id=0164312|title=42 Up
*imdb title|id=0473434|title=49 Up
* [http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=259423 "49 Up" 60 Minutes Transcript (Australia)]
* [http://www.apple.com/trailers/independent/49up/ "49 Up" Trailer]
* [http://www.borninbradford.nhs.uk Born in Bradford - a 2006 UK-based birth cohort study similar in design to Seven Up!]
* [http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/interviews/apted.html Transcript of a British Film Institute appearance and interview with Apted]
* [http://firstrunfeatures.com/upseries.html Up Series on DVD]
* [http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/transcripts_100606_g.html "On The Media" interview with Apted (transcript and link to a 9-minute Real Audio clip of the interview)]
* [http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2007/49up/ P.O.V. "49 Up"] - PBS's site dedicated to the film