Galago

For the desktop presence framework, see Galago (software). For the animated series, see The Bush Baby.

Galagos[1]
Brown greater galago (Otolemur crassicaudatus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Strepsirrhini
Infraorder:	Lorisiformes
Family:	Galagidae Gray, 1825
Genera
Otolemur  Euoticus  Galago

Galagos /ɡəˈleɪɡoʊz/, also known as bushbabies, bush babies or nagapies (meaning "little night monkeys" in Afrikaans), are small, nocturnal primates native to continental Africa, and make up the family Galagidae (also sometimes called Galagonidae). They are sometimes included as a subfamily within the Lorisidae or Loridae.

According to some accounts, the name bush baby comes from either the animal's cries or appearance. The South African name nagapie comes from the fact they are almost exclusively seen at night.

Characteristics

Galagos have large eyes that give them good night vision, strong hind limbs, acute hearing, and long tails that help them balance. They have nails on most of their digits, except for the second toe of the hindfoot, which bears a 'toilet' claw for grooming. Their diet is a mixture of insects and other small animals, fruit, and tree gums.^[2] They have pectinate ("comb-like") incisors, and the dental formula: $Upper: 2.1.3.3, lower: 2.1.3.3$

Galagos have remarkable jumping abilities, including the ability to jump up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) vertically. This is thought to be due to elastic energy storage in tendons of the lower leg, allowing far greater jumps than otherwise possible for an animal of their size.^[3]

After a gestation period of 110–133 days, young galagos are born with half-closed eyes and are initially unable to move about independently. After a few days (6–8 days), the mother carries the infant in her mouth, and places it on branches while feeding.

Females maintain their territory but share them with their offspring. Males leave their mothers' territories after puberty but females remain, forming social groups consisting of closely related females and their young. Adult males maintain separate territories, which overlap with those of the female social groups; generally, one adult male mates with all the females in an area. Males who have not established such territories sometimes form small bachelor groups.^[2]

While their keeping as pets is not advised (like many other non-human primates, they are considered likely sources of zoonoses, diseases that can cross species barriers) it is certainly done. Equally, they are highly likely to attract attention from customs officials on importation into many countries. Reports from veterinary and zoological sources indicate captive lifetimes of 12 to 16.5 years, suggesting a natural lifetime of the order of a decade.^{[citation needed]}

Galagos communicate both by calling to each other, and by marking their paths with urine. At the end of the night, group members use a special rallying call and gather to sleep in a nest made of leaves, a group of branches, or a hole in a tree.

Classification

There has been much recent study of the Galagidae. Several new species have been discovered, and they are now grouped into three genera, with the two former members of the now defunct genus Galagoides returned to their original genus Galago:^[1]

Bush babies

FAMILY GALAGIDAE - galagos, or bushbabies

• Genus Otolemur, greater galagos, or thick-tailed bushbabies
  • Brown greater galago, Otolemur crassicaudatus
  • Silvery greater galago, Otolemur monteiri
  • Northern greater galago, Otolemur garnettii
• Genus Euoticus, needle-clawed bushbabies
  • Southern needle-clawed bushbaby, Euoticus elegantulus
  • Northern needle-clawed bushbaby, Euoticus pallidus
• Genus Galago, lesser galagos, or lesser bushbabies
  • Galago senegalensis group
    • Senegal bushbaby, Galago senegalensis
    • Mohol bushbaby, Galago moholi
    • Somali bushbaby, Galago gallarum
  • Galago matschiei group
    • Dusky bushbaby, Galago matschiei
  • Galago alleni group
    • Bioko Allen's bushbaby, Galago alleni
    • Cross River bushbaby, Galago cameronensis
    • Gabon bushbaby, Galago gabonensis
  • Galago zanzibaricus group
    • Zanzibar bushbaby, Galago zanzibaricus
    • Grant's bushbaby, Galago granti
    • Malawi bushbaby, Galago nyasae
  • Galago orinus group
    • Uluguru bushbaby, Galago orinus
    • Rondo bushbaby, Galago rondoensis
  • Galago demidoff group (also referred to as "dwarf galagos"^[4])
    • Prince Demidoff's bushbaby, Galago demidoff
    • Thomas's bushbaby, Galago thomasi

Genomics

A low-coverage genomic sequence of the northern greater galago, Otolemur garnettii, is in progress. As it is a 'primitive' primate, the sequence will be particularly useful in bridging the sequences of higher primates (macaque, chimp, human) to close non-primates such as rodents. The 2x planned coverage will not be sufficient to create a full genome assembly, but will provide comparative data across most of the human assembly.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Groves, C. (2005). "FAMILY Galagidae". In Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 123–127. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100126. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Charles-Dominique, Pierre (1984). Macdonald, D.. ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 332–337. ISBN 0-87196-871-1. 
3. ^ Aerts, Peter (29 October 1998). "Vertical jumping in Galago senegalensis: the quest for an obligate mechanical power amplifier". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 353 (1375): 1607–1620. 
4. ^ Fleagle, John G. (1999). Primate adaptation and evolution. Academic Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780122603419. http://books.google.com/books?id=PgiGPYeVN0sC&pg=PA114. Retrieved 10 July 2011. 

External links

• Bushbabies: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation