Russian Academy of Theatre Arts

Russian University of Theatre Arts (GITIS)
Российский Университет театрального искусства - ГИТИС
GITIS 6 Maly Kislovsky, Moscow
Established	22 November 1878
Type	Public
Rector	Professor Karina Melik-Pashaeva
Head of International Department	Natalia Plusnina
Academic staff	185
Students	1,500
Location	Moscow, Russia, Russian Federation Coordinates: 55°45′18″N 37°36′11″E / 55.755°N 37.603°E / 55.755; 37.603
Campus	Urban
Former names	State Institute of Theatre Arts (Gosudarstvenniy Institut Teatralnogo Iskustva / GITIS)
Website	Russian University of Theatre Arts (GITIS)

The Russian University of Theatre Arts (Russian: Российский университет театрального искусства) was founded on 22 September 1878 as the Shestakovsky Music School, became the Musico-Dramatic School of the Moscow Philharmonic Society in 1883, and was elevated to the status of a conservatory in 1886. Known as the Lunacharsky State Institute for Theatre Arts (GITIS) from 1934 to 1991, it is the largest and oldest independent theatrical arts school in Russia and is located in Moscow.^[1][2][3][4]

Mission and background

GITIS trains students in various professions in the theatrical arts (including ballet, acting, etc.) and simultaneously provides a traditional university education in liberal arts and humanities. Approximately 1500 students, qualification-advancement students, and post-graduate students from various countries study at GITIS.^[5]

Nineteenth century

The Academy was founded as the Shestakovskiy Music School for Coming People in Moscow at the end of the 19th century, patronized by the Society of Musical and Dramatic Arts Lovers. In 1883 the Society was renamed the Moscow Philharmonic Society and the school obtained the status of Musical-Drama Specialized School subordinated by the Society. They were under the patronage of Grand Duke Nikolai. Subsequently the School has been equal in the rights to higher educational institutions - conservatories that has been fixed by the new charter approved by Emperor under the petition of Great Princess Elizabeth Fedorovna.

Drama classes of the musical-drama school were headed by well known actors, teachers and theatrical figures such as Alexander Yuzhin (1883–1889), Osyp Pravdin (1889–1891) and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko (1891–1901). The 1898 class graduates included Olga Knipper, Margarita Savitskaya, and Vsevolod Meyerhold.^[6]

Twentieth century

In 1902, the school moved into the antique Soldatenkov Family building at Maly Kislovsky, where it has been located since. On 24 October 1903 "The Charter of Musical-Drama School of the Moscow Philharmonic Society under the protection of Her Imperial Highness Princess Elisaveta Fedorovna" was approved. According to the Charter, the School was a department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The acclaimed masters of Russian Musical culture as Rodolph Erlikh, Serge Koussevitsky and Erdely taught at the school. The graduates of the school at that time were composer Vasily Kalinnikov and a great Russian opera singer Leonid Sobinov. The tradition of drama classes to finish training by performance was also acquired by musical classes where opera performances were staged, and also programs of a student's symphonic orchestra. Skill of young musicians has allowed to act accompanied by this orchestra of Pablo de Sarasate, to Sergei Rachmaninoff, Leonid Sobinov, Feodor Chaliapin, Anton Arensky, and others.

Since the Revolution in Russia of 1917, the Musical-Drama School has undergone a number of reorganization and changes of names caused by reforms in the state education system.

In August 1922, the school was renamed the State Institute of Musical Drama and was joined with Vsevolod Meyerhold's State Theatrical Workshops. This association received the name of State Institute of Theatrical Art – GITIS. The official date of its formation was 17th September 1922. According to the original plan GITIS was meant to unite three major branches of theatrical arts: drama, opera and choreography.

In June 1923, the State Practical Institute of Choreography joined GITIS as a separate department and the plan was achieved. Three departments were organized: drama( A. Petrovsky - dean), opera (Konstantin Saradzhev - dean ) and choreography (N. Rakhmanov - dean). In 1924, the existing theatrical institutes of Moscow and St.Petersburg were closed by Sovnarkom Edict because ... "of failures in the quality of theatrical education," but in spite of this, GITIS was authorized to graduate students in the accelerated manner. Clubs by interests and the club movement actively developed those years, were the main stimulus for the subsequent creation of theatrically instructor classes on the basis of already disbanded GITIS. In 1925 the Central technical school of a theatrical art (CETETIS) an educational institution with the four-year training was created.

In 1926, on the basis of graduates of GITIS and CETETIS theatre, Musical Drama in Zamoskvorechye has been generated. As a logic end of this process was an opening of directing-pedagogical faculty on September, 15th, 1930. The faculty began to prepare directors, heads of professional theaters, large working clubs, palaces of culture and acting teachers. It was the first-ever experience of vocational training of directors. GITIS today is still the recognized leader in this area.

On 2 August 1931 by decision of Sovnarkom RSFSR "About reorganization of system of art education in RSFSR", regulated activity of art higher educational institutions has been published. And on 1 October of the same year the theatrical high school was created by Sovnarkom order which has received the name already familiar to all - GITIS. In 1931 for the first time in Europe higher school preparation of experts in the field of the organization of theatrical business has begun - the management faculty which has existed up to 1939. In 1931, the theater critics faculty has been organized with classes of Russian and West-European theater history. Three more years after the second opening GITIS existed as part of Theatrical Combine.

In July 1935 Theatrical Combine again transformed to the State Institute of Theatrical Art with three faculties: production management (with three years training), directing (with four years training), acting (with four years training). The Faculty of those years in GITIS were such known theatrical figures as Serafima Birman, Leonid Baratov, Boris Mordvinov, E. Saricheva, B. Sushkevich, N. Zbrueva, Leonid Leonidov , Mickhail Tarkhanov (Moskvin), Vasily Sakhnovsky, Olga Pyzhova, Boris Bibikov, Olga Androvskaya, Yosif Raevsky, Vasily Orlov, Andrey Lobanov, Mikhail Astangov, Ilya Sudakov, Yury Zavadsky.

World War Two

After the beginning of Second World War in September - October 1941 the education process in GITIS has been temporarily stopped. GITIS students were evacuated from Moscow to Saratov on 23 October. The GITIS Front Theater was organized out of acting and directing faculties graduates in the summer of 1942 in Saratov. It made its contribution to a movement of front theaters in Second World War. For one thousand four hundred eighteen days of war the theater has given more than one thousand and five hundred performances. Many GITIS graduates, students and teachers were fighting at several fronts. Many of them had been honored with a highest military awards, including a Hero of the USSR, which N.Kachuevskaya was honored post-mortem.

Post-war years

In post-war years GITIS is widely growing. Few new faculties were organized. On August, 5th, 1946 the directing faculty stepped forward with the new initiative, to open at faculty three branches: opera, directing and ballet. The opera branch has been transformed all over again to branch of musical theater directing. Then the faculty of musical theater has been created .

In 1946 faculty of a choreography has been created. Since 1958 GITIS Educational Theater was opened. GITIS Theater well known for many theater productions and playing the major role in preparation of students for all theatrical specialties. In 1964, the directing faculty begun to prepare a variety show directors and in 1973 the variety directing faculty was organized. The founder and a head of the faculty was Igor Sharoev. In 1975, the faculty of a circus art is created. In 1974 has found the second life the producer's faculty, set as to itself the purpose formation of highly skilled managers of a wide structure, not only for theaters but also for TV, show business, cinema and circus. In 1992 the faculty of scenography was opened.

In 1991, the status of academy has been given to GITIS , and Institute has been renamed into the Russian Academy of Theater Arts – GITIS. Traditions of Academy is in continuity.

Twenty-first century

Today the Russian Academy of Theater Arts (GITIS) is integrated into world system of theatrical education. Its partners are theatrical schools of the Great Britain (Middlesex University, the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, Theatrical school in Guildford), France (the National Conservatory of Drama Art in Paris, the Higher National School of Theatrical Art in Lyons), Holland (Theatrical academy in Amsterdam), Germany (the International Theatrical Center in Berlin), Israel (Theatrical school Beit-Tsvi), Italy (Silvio De Amiko Academy of Drama Art in Rome), USA (Colgate University, Cornell University) and more.

There are 8 faculties at the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS). At each faculty there are department(s) corresponding to the specialisation of students’ training. Besides, there are 9 inter-faculty departments to provide students with all-round education in the performing arts and the humanities.Upon a completion of the full-time Graduate Course at a chosen faculty the student receives a diploma of the higher education at Russian Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) with a Magister’s qualification in the applicable specialty in the Arts.

The main principle "student-teacher-student" is the major in selection of the pedagogical staff, therefore many teachers of Academy today are graduates of the GITIS.

alumni

• Pyotr Fomenko - theatre director
• Anatoly Efros - theatre director
• Anatoly Vasiliev - theatre director
• Jerzy Grotowski - theatre director, theorist
• Georgy Tovstonogov - theatre director
• Eimuntas Nekrošius - theatre director
• Tatiana Samoilova - actress
• Andrey Zvyagintsev – actor and film director
• Alim Kouliev - actor and theatre director
• Chulpan Khamatova – actress
• Lev Leshchenko – actor and singer
• Simion Ghimpu – writer and lyricist
• Dmitry Bertman – theatre and opera director
• Alexandre Marine - actor and theatre director^[7]

References

1. ^ "Shostakovsky" in The New International Encyclopædia, second edition, volume XXI, p. 49. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company (1916).
2. ^ Taylor, Philip S. (2007). Anton Rubinstein: A Life in Music, p. 201. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253348715.
3. ^ Ėfros, Anatoliĭ; Thomas, James, translator (2006). The Joy of Rehearsal: Reflections on interpretation and Practice, p. 209. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 9780820463384.
4. ^ Hartnoll, Phyllis (1983). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, p. 742. Oxord: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192115461. Snippet view at Google Books.
5. ^ "Russian Ballet Camp GITIS Overview" (in Russian). russianballetcamp. http://www.russianballetcamp.com/GITIS.html. Retrieved 9 October 2009. 
6. ^ Gladkov, Aleksandr; Law, Alma, translator and editor (1997). Meyerhold Speaks/Meyerhold Rehearses, p. 4. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. ISBN 9789057020445. Routledge 2004 paperback reprint: ISBN 9789057020452. Limited view at Google Books.
7. ^ Moscow Art Theatre Biography profile

External links

• Russian University of Theatre Arts
• Russian Education. GITIS (Russian)
• GITIS.History (Russian)

See also

• A. Smoliakov That exact GITIS. – (М.: Алгоритм-Книга, 2004. – 288 c.) – ISBN 5-9265-0141-5.