Marie Lloyd

Marie Lloyd
Photograph in possession of family
Born	Matilda Alice Victoria Wood 12 February 1870(1870-02-12) Hoxton, London[1]
Died	7 October 1922(1922-10-07) (aged 52) Hendon, Middlesex[2]
Occupation	Music hall singer
Spouse	Percy Charles Courtenay (1887–1905)[3] Alexander Hurley (1905–1913)[4] Bernard Dillon (1914–1922)

Matilda Alice Victoria Wood (12 February 1870 – 7 October 1922) was an English music hall singer, best known as Marie Lloyd. Her ability to add lewdness to the most innocent of lyrics led to frequent clashes with the guardians of morality. Her performances articulated the disappointments of life, especially for working-class women.^[5]

Marie's first major success was "The Boy I Love Is Up in the Gallery", and she quickly became one of the most famous of English music hall singers. Despite her own success she supported other performers during the Music Hall War of 1907, when performers demonstrated outside theatres for better pay and conditions. During the First World War, in common with most other music hall artists, she enthusiastically supported recruitment into the army.

She first appeared in the USA in 1897, but in 1913 was initially refused entry to that country for "moral turpitude". On 4 October 1922 Marie collapsed on stage as she was performing at the Empire Music Hall in Edmonton, London, and died three days later. Her funeral on 12 October was attended by more than 100,000 people.

Career

Born in Hoxton, London, her early interest in the music hall was fostered by her father John, who worked part-time in the nearby Royal Eagle Tavern. Marie formed her sisters into a singing group called the Fairy Bells Minstrels, singing temperance songs in local missions and church halls, costumed by their mother Matilda Mary Caroline Wood.^[6] In her teens, the younger Matilda Wood adopted the name Marie Lloyd, the surname taken from Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper,^[7] and quickly became one of the most famous of English music hall singers and comediennes. Her first major success was "The Boy I Love Is Up in the Gallery". She was the eldest of nine siblings, seven of whom had theatrical careers, the most successful being Daisy, Rose, Grace and Alice.^[8] All but Daisy performed under the name Lloyd in honour of their eldest sister.

Scandalous reputation

Lloyd's songs, although perfectly harmless by modern standards, began to gain a reputation for being "racy" and filled with double entendre, ("She'd never had her ticket punched before" for example) largely thanks to the manner in which she sang them, adding winks and gestures, and creating a conspiratorial relationship with her audience. She became the target of Vigilance or "Watch" committees and others opposing music-hall licences. She liked to claim that any immorality was in the minds of the complainants, and in front of these groups would sing her songs "straight" to show their supposed innocence. In one famous incident, she was summoned before one of these committees and asked to sing her songs. She sang "Oh! Mr Porter"; and "A Little of What You Fancy" in such a sweet innocent way that the committee had no reason to find anything amiss. She then rendered the drawing-room ballad "Come into the Garden Maud" in such an obscene way that the committee was shocked into silence. She did herself no favours.

An apocryphal tale, though indicative of her reputation, suggests that when moralists objected to a song "I Sits Among the Cabbages and Peas", with its double entendre for urination, she altered the lyrics to "I sits among the cabbages and leeks".^[9]

The following year she made her first visit to the United States. Her "blue" reputation preceded her and she quickly gave an interview to the New York Telegraph newspaper that carried her quote

They don't pay their sixpences and shillings at a music hall to hear the Salvation Army. If I was to try to sing highly moral songs, they would fire ginger beer bottles and beer mugs at me. I can't help it if people want to turn and twist my meanings.

—Marie Lloyd, New York Telegraph

1907 Music Hall War

1907 poster from the Music Hall War between artists and theatre managers

Although popular enough to command her own fees, Lloyd backed and supported the 1907 strike for better terms by music-hall performers. She commented on her support

We (the stars) can dictate our own terms. We are fighting not for ourselves, but for the poorer members of the profession, earning thirty shillings to £3 a week. For this they have to do double turns, and now matinées have been added as well. These poor things have been compelled to submit to unfair terms of employment, and I mean to back up the federation in whatever steps are taken.

—Marie Lloyd, on the Music Hall War^[10]

Marie performed on picket lines throughout the strike, and in a fund raising performance at the Scala Theatre. During one picket she recognised someone trying to enter, Lloyd shouted, "Let her through girls, she'll close the music hall faster than we can." The singer was Belle Elmore, later murdered by her husband, Dr. Crippen.

First World War

During the First World War, like most music hall artists, she enthusiastically supported recruitment for the army. The recruitment went on in the music halls themselves, often in the tone "Two shillings for the first man to sign up tonight". In particular she sang the song "I didn't like you much before you joined the army, John, but I do like you, cockie, now you've got your khaki on". She also sang in many free concerts for the masses of wounded returning from the trenches.

Personal life

Marie Lloyd was married three times. Her spouses were:

1. Percy Charles Courtenay (12 November 1887–1905) (divorced; 1 child)^[3]
2. Alexander Hurley (1905 – 6 December 1913) (his death) (separated, 1910) ^[4]
3. Bernard Dillon (21 February 1914 – 7 October 1922; her death)

Her private life was also controversial. Her first marriage to Percy Courtenay was a stormy one and ended in divorce in 1905. She quickly married Alec Hurley the next year and in 1910 met Irish jockey Bernard Dillon. She first appeared in the USA in 1897, but she was refused entry in 1913 for "moral turpitude" when "Mr. and Mrs. Dillon" arrived together, but unmarried. After an enquiry, she was allowed to stay. Alec Hurley died two months later, and Marie and Dillon were married at the British Consulate in Portland, Oregon, on 21 February 1914.

Grave of Marie Lloyd in Hampstead Cemetery, North West London

Decline and death

The Edmonton Green mosaic of Lloyd

Dillon began drinking heavily and abusing Marie and she began drinking as her own escape. In 1920 they separated. From then on, Marie Lloyd went downhill and although she still worked, it became more and more difficult to get her on to the stage in time. Her voice became weaker and her act shorter. On 4 October 1922 she was appearing at the Empire Music Hall in Edmonton.^[11] During the last song in her act "I'm One of the Ruins That Cromwell Knocked About a Bit", she staggered about on the stage. The audience laughed delightedly when she fell, thinking it was all part of the act. However, she was desperately ill, and died at home in Golders Green^[12] three days later on 7 October and was buried in Hampstead Cemetery and now rests with her parents and her daughter.

More than 100,000 people attended Marie's funeral at Hampstead on 12 October 1922. In the funeral procession there were twelve cars full of flowers, and on top of the hearse was the long ebony cane with the sparkling top hat that she had used in her act. The theatrical newspaper, The Era dubbed the cortege a "Royal Progress".

Her daughter by Courtenay, Marie (1888–1967) took the stage name Marie Lloyd Jr., appeared in a short musical film in the DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process made in 1926, and performed in music hall for many years. She died in 1967^[13] and was buried with her mother.

Selected songs

• "The Boy I Love Is Up in the Gallery"
• "The Costers' Wedding"
• "Oh! Mr Porter"
• "Woman's Opinion of Man"
• "A Little of What You Fancy Does You Good"
• "When I Take My Morning Promenade"
• "My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)"

Portrayals

Actress Adrienne Posta played Lloyd in a touring production called Up in the Gallery which also starred John Altman. Posta also briefly played Lloyd in one episode^[14]of the ATV drama Edward the Seventh in which she is singing "The Boy I Love is Up in the Gallery".

Barbara Windsor portrayed Lloyd in a production called Sing A Rude Song which also starred Maurice Gibb.

The Reluctant Juggler, an episode of the 1972 BBC anthology series The Edwardians dealing with the 1907 strike and written by Alan Plater, features Georgina Brown as Lloyd.

Marie Lloyd, Queen of the Halls, a radio play by Steve Trafford, was broadcast in BBC Radio 4's Saturday Night Theatre in 1990, with Elizabeth Mansfield as Lloyd.

She was portrayed in the final 1999 series of the sitcom Goodnight, Sweetheart by Emma Amos when time-traveller Gary Sparrow found himself in Whitechapel at the time of Jack the Ripper.^[15]

Her life was also adapted into a BBC one-off TV drama, Miss Marie Lloyd - Queen of The Music Hall, in 2007. Lloyd was portrayed by Jessie Wallace and Percy Courtenay was played by Richard Armitage.^[16]

References and notes

1. ^ GRO Register of Births: MAR 1870 1c 129 SHOREDITCH. Matilda Alice V. Wood
2. ^ GRO Register of Deaths: DEC 1922 3a 326 HENDON. Matilda A. V. Dillon, aged 52
3. ^ ^{a b} GRO Register of Marriages: DEC 1887 1c 190 SHOREDITCH. Percy Charles Courtenay = Matilda Alice V. Wood
4. ^ ^{a b} GRO Register of Marriages: DEC 1906 1a 1393 HAMPSTEAD. Alec Hurley / Alexander Hurley = Matilda Alice V. Courtenay / Matilda Alice V. Wood
5. ^ Frances Gray, "Lloyd, Marie (1870–1922)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004
6. ^ In 1881 the family appear to have lived at 3 Bath Place, St Luke's. John Wood is 33, born in Bethnal Green. Matilda, 29, born in Shoreditch FHL Film 1341078 PRO Ref RG11 Piece 0361 Folio 103 Page 33
7. ^ ""Lloyd, Edward", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8. ^ Gracie and Alice met a young girl named (Leah) Bella Orchard, while all performing in pantomime, at the Pavilion, Whitechapel Road, they took the 11-year-old home for tea. By the following year, she was living with the family and worked as Marie's dresser. Later, she performed with Rosie, as the Sisters Lloyd, and adopted the stage name Bella Lloyd.
9. ^ The Story of the Music Hall with Michael Grade. Presenter: Michael Grade, Director/Producer Spike Geilinge. BBC. BBC Four. 2011-10-25.
10. ^ Gillies Midge Marie Lloyd, the One and Only (Gollancz, London, 1999)
11. ^ Edmonton Empire Retrieved March 10, 2008
12. ^ The Guardian 9 Oct 1922, 9 Oct 2009
13. ^ Arthur Lloyd – music hall history site accessed 21 Jan 2007
14. ^ Up in the Gallery at IMdB
15. ^ Goodnight Sweetheart at the Internet Movie Database
16. ^ Miss Marie Lloyd (2007) at the Internet Movie Database

External links

• Marie Lloyd at the Internet Movie Database
• Article on Marie Lloyd at East End London and at People Play UK
• BBC drama on Marie Lloyd.
• "Marie Lloyd". Theatre and Performance. Victoria and Albert Museum. http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/theatre_performance/features/history_of_music_halls/music_hall_stars/marie_lloyd/index.html. Retrieved 2011-02-15. 

Persondata
Name	Lloyd, Marie
Alternative names	Wood, Matilda Alice Victoria
Short description	Music hall singer
Date of birth	12 February 1870
Place of birth	Hoxton, London, England
Date of death	7 October 1922
Place of death	London, England