Erythronium propullans

Erythronium propullans
Conservation status
Critically Imperiled (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Liliaceae
Genus:	Erythronium
Species:	E. propullans
Binomial name
Erythronium propullans A.Gray

Erythronium propullans (Minnesota dwarf trout lily, Minnesota adder's tongue, Minnesota fawnlily) is a rare plant endemic to the Cannon River and North Fork Zumbro River watersheds in Rice County, Goodhue County and the extreme northern edge of Steele County, Minnesota,^[1] in the United States. The plants are believed to be a mutation or sport of the white trout lily (Erythronium albidum) and evolved following the most recent ice age.

The plants flower in the spring at the same time as Hepaticas, Dutchman's breeches, Bloodroot, and other spring wildflowers. Nerstrand-Big Woods State Park, River Bend Nature Center, and several tracts owned by The Nature Conservancy protect portions of its habitat.

Discovery

The lily was first noted by Mary Hodges, a high school science instructor at St. Mary's School (now Shattuck-St. Mary's) in Faribault, Minnesota, and then formally listed as a new species by botanist Asa Gray in 1871.^[2]

Reproduction

Research suggests that E. propullans rarely reproduces from seed on its own, but is highly dependent on vegetative reproduction, or limited cross pollination with Erythronium albidum, thus limiting population growth^[3] and spread of the species.

Threats

Due to the very limited historical and current distribution of E. propullans, the primary threats include development and flooding along the floodplains and ridges where it currently exists, trampling and recreational use impacts, as well as habitat changes brought on by invasive species such as common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica).

References

1. ^ Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily, An Endangered Minnesota Wildflower
2. ^ Gray, A. 1871. A new species of Erythronium. American Naturalist.
3. ^ The Reproductive Biology of Erythronium propullans Gray and Sympatric Populations of E. albidum Nutt. (Liliaceae)Jo Ann Banks; Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 107, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1980), pp. 181-188

External links

• Trout Lily Preserve by The Nature Conservancy
• Dwarf Trout Lily by USFWS
• E. propullans. Flora of North America.
• Plant Profile by Center for Plant Conservation
• Spring Wildflowers by River Bend Nature Center