Moscow Conference (1943)

The Third Moscow Conference between the major Allies of World War II took place from October 18 to November 11, 1943, at the Moscow Kremlin and Spiridonovka Palace.

A series of 12 meetings of between the foreign ministers of the United Kingdom, Anthony Eden; the United States, Cordell Hull; Republic of China, Foo Ping-sheung; and the Soviet Union, Vyacheslav Molotov; resulted in the Moscow Declaration and the creation of the European Advisory Commission [1]. During the Moscow Conference of 1943, the Soviet Union finally came to agreement with the United States and its allies to create a world organization, the European Advisory Commission [2].

Among those who also attended for the United States were Ambassador of the United States W. Averell Harriman, Major General John R. Deane of the United States Army, Green H. Hackworth, and James C. Dunn; for the United Kingdom, His Majesty's Ambassador Sir Archibald Clerk Kerr, William Strang, and Lt. General Sir Hastings Ismay; for the Soviet Union, the Marshal of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin, K. E. Voroshilov, A. Y. Vyshinski, Deputy People's Commissars for Foreign Affairs M. M. Litvinov, Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Trade V. A. Sergeyev, Major-General A. A. Gryslov of the General Staff, and Senior Official of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs G. F. Saksin [3].

Objectives of the Conference

The Third Moscow Conference was one of the first times in which foreign ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union could meet and discuss important global matters. Here, they discussed what measures needed to be taken in order to shorten and end the war with Germany and the Axial powers, as well as how to effectively collaborate and cooperate peacefully through this period marking the end of the war. The Moscow Declaration, officially issued by the foreign ministers of United States President Franklin Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, defined how these issues would be dealt with. It included four sections, Declaration of Four Nations on General Security, Declaration Regarding Italy, Declaration on Austria, and Declaration of German Atrocities.

Also during the Moscow Conference, agreements were made to establish a European Advisory Commission to make recommendations for the three joint governments and an Advisory Council regarding Italy - along with Greece and Yugoslavia - which ultimately decided in favor of restoring democracy in Italy. Restoration of independence in Austria was also declared during the Moscow Conference of 1943 [4].

References

• Pubantz, Jerry, and John Allphin Moore Jr. “Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers.” Encyclopedia of the United Nations, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Modern World History. Facts On File, Inc. 29 Jan. 2010. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE53&iPin=EUNN0276&SingleRecord=True>.
• Reston, James B. “LONDON HOPES FOR A PEACE BASED ON REALITIES.” New York Times. 7 Nov. 1943. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. 29 Jan. 2010.
• “Texts of Three-Power Conference Documents.” New York Times. 2 Nov. 1943. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. 29 Jan. 2010.
• The American Journal of International Law. American Society of International Law, 1944. 3-8. JSTOR. Web. 29 Jan. 2010.

<http://www.jstor.org/stable/2214037>.

See also

• First Moscow Conference (1941)

• Second Moscow Conference (1942)

• Fourth Moscow Conference (1944) (TOLSTOY)

• List of World War II conferences