Oligopeptide

Oligopeptide

An oligopeptide (oligo-, "few") consists of between 2 and 20 amino acids and includes dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, etc.

Examples of oligopeptides include:

  • Amanitins - Cyclic peptides taken from carpophores of several different mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, the prevent the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanita phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.
  • Antipain - An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.
  • Ceruletide - A specific decapeptide found in the skin of Hyla caerulea, the Australian green tree frog. Ceruletide has very much in common with regards to action and composition to cholecystokinin. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used to induce pancreatitis in experimental animal models.
  • Glutathione - A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
  • Leupeptins - A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, kallikreins, papain and the cathepsins.
  • Netropsin - A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.
  • Pepstatins - N-acylated oligopeptides isolated from culture filtrates of Actinomycetes, which act specifically to inhibit acid proteases such as pepsin and renin.
  • Peptide T - N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine. Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It may be useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor.
  • Phalloidin - A very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from Amanita phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cap; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.
  • Teprotide - A man made nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is exactly the same as the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.
  • Tuftsin - N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide manufactured in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.

See also

External links


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  • oligopeptide — [ ɔligopɛptid ] n. m. • 1941; de oligo et peptide ♦ Biochim. Peptide contenant moins de dix résidus d acides aminés. oligopeptide [ɔligopɛptid] n. m. ÉTYM. 1941; empr. à l all. Oligo peptid (Helferich et Grünert, 1940), de oligo , et peptid (→… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Oligopeptide — Peptide Exemple de peptide …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Oligopeptide-transporting ATPase — Identifiers EC number 3.6.3.23 Databases IntEnz IntEnz view …   Wikipedia

  • oligopeptide — A peptide of a small number of component amino acids as opposed to a polypeptide. Exact size range is a matter of opinion but peptides from 3 to about 40 member amino acids might be so described …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • oligopeptide — noun A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids …   Wiktionary

  • oligopeptide — A peptide whose molecule contains a few amino acid residues up to about 20. * * * oli·go·pep·tide .äl i gō pep .tīd, .ō li n a protein fragment or molecule that usu. consists of less than 25 amino acid residues linked in a polypeptide chain * * * …   Medical dictionary

  • oligopeptide — pl.m. oligopeptidi …   Dizionario dei sinonimi e contrari

  • oligopeptide — [ˌɒlɪgə(ʊ) pɛptʌɪd] noun Biochemistry a peptide whose molecules contain a relatively small number of amino acid residues …   English new terms dictionary

  • oligopeptide — oligopepˈtide noun A peptide composed of no more than ten amino acids • • • Main Entry: ↑olig …   Useful english dictionary

  • Renal oligopeptide reabsorption — is the part of renal physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered oligopeptides, preventing them from disappearing from the body through the urine.Almost all reabsorption takes place in the proximal tubule. Practically nothing is left in… …   Wikipedia

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