Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild

Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild, GBE, GM, FRS (31 October 1910 – 20 March 1990) was a biologist by training, a cricketer and a member of the prominent Rothschild family. He was the son of Charles Rothschild and Rozsika Rothschild (née Edle von Wertheimstein).

Youth

Rothschild was educated at Harrow School and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read Physiology, French and English. He played first-class cricket for the University and Northamptonshire. At Cambridge he was known for his playboy lifestyle, driving a Bugatti and collecting art and rare books.

At Trinity, Rothschild joined the secret society, the Cambridge Apostles, which at that time was predominantly Marxist, though he "was mildly left-wing but never a Marxist".^[1] There he became friends with the future Soviet spies Guy Burgess and Anthony Blunt, who were also members, as was Kim Philby, who became the most important Soviet spy in Britain. Rothschild gave Blunt £100 to purchase "Eliezer and Rebecca" by Nicholas Poussin.^[2] The painting was sold by Blunt's executors in 1985 for £100,000 (totalling £192,500 with tax remission^[3]) and is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum.^[4] His flat in London was shared with Burgess and Blunt. This later aroused suspicion that he was the so-called Fifth Man in the Cambridge Spy Ring. The Fifth Man was later identified as John Cairncross.

Rothschild inherited his title at the age of 26 following the death of his uncle Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild on 27 August 1937, and sat as a Labour Party peer in the House of Lords.

World War II

Rothschild was recruited to work for MI5 during World War II in roles including bomb disposal, disinformation and espionage, winning the George Medal. Because of his association with Burgess and Blunt, he was questioned by Special Branch at the time of Blunt's unmasking in 1964 (though not publicly until 1979 by Margaret Thatcher) and was apparently cleared, subsequently working on projects for the British government. Rumours continued to circulate, and Rothschild himself took the step of publishing a letter in British newspapers on 3 December 1986 to state "... I am not, and never have been, a Soviet agent." Roland Perry's 1994 book The Fifth Man (London: Pan Books, 1994) repeated the charges without firm authority, and there remains no evidence to suggest that Rothschild spied for the Soviet Union.^[5]

Post-war work

After the war, he joined the zoology department at Cambridge University from 1950 to 1970. He served as chairman of the Agricultural Research Council from 1948 to 1958 and as worldwide head of research at Royal Dutch/Shell from 1963 to 1970. He continued to work in security as an adviser to Margaret Thatcher. He was also head of the Central Policy Review Staff from 1971 to 1974 (known popularly as the "The Think Tank")^{[citation needed]} a staff which researched policy specifically for the Government until Margaret Thatcher abolished it. In 1982 he published An Enquiry into the Social Science Research Council at the behest of Sir Keith Joseph a Conservative minister and mentor of Margaret Thatcher.

He appears several times in the book "Spycatcher" written by Peter Wright, who he hoped would clear the air over suspicions about his wartime role. He was still able to enter the premises of MI5 as a former employee. He was aware of suspicions that there was a "Mole" in MI5 but he felt himself to be above suspicion. While Edward Heath was Prime Minister he was a frequent visitor to Chequers, the Prime Minister's country residence. Throughout his life he was a valued adviser on intelligence and science to both Conservative and Labour Governments.

At the end of his career, he joined the family bank as chairman in an effort to quell the feuding between factions led by two of his younger relatives. In this he was unsuccessful.

Family

In 1933, he married Barbara Judith Hutchinson (born 1911), with whom he had three children:

1. Sarah Rothschild (born 1934)
2. Jacob (born 1936) (later Jacob Rothschild) 4th Baron Rothschild
3. Miranda Rothschild (born 1940)

In 1946, he married Teresa Georgina Mayor, with whom he had four children:

1. Emma Georgina Rothschild (born 1948)
2. Benjamin Mayer Rothschild (born and died 1952)
3. Victoria Katherine Rothschild (born 1953), an academic lecturer at Queen Mary, University of London and the second wife and widow of writer Simon Gray (1936–2008)
4. Amschel Mayor James Rothschild (1955-1996)

His sister Miriam Louisa Rothschild was a distinguished entomologist.

His sister Kathleen Annie Pannonica Rothschild (Baroness Nica de Koenigswarter) was a bebop jazz enthusiast and patroness of Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker.

See also

• History of the Jews in England

Notes

1. ^ Kenneth Rose, "Rothschild, (Nathaniel Mayer) Victor, third Baron Rothschild (1910–1990)", rev., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 9 March 2007
2. ^ Rose (2003), pp47-48.
3. ^ The Art Fund - Eliezer and Rebecca
4. ^ Fitzwilliam Museum - OPAC Record
5. ^ The ODNB concludes: "The carefree friendships of Rothschild's early Cambridge years that had continued throughout the war cast a shadow over the last decade of his life. The defection of Burgess to Russia and the uncovering of Blunt as a Soviet agent exposed Rothschild to innuendo and vilification in press and parliament. Rather than let his name, his courage, and his record of public service speak for themselves, he sought unwisely to clear himself through the testimony of Peter Wright, who as an investigator employed by MI5 had every reason to know of his innocence. Clandestine association with so volatile a character aroused further suspicions that Rothschild had broken the Official Secrets Act. Only after voluntarily submitting himself to a long interrogation by Scotland Yard did he emerge with honour and patriotism intact." Kenneth Rose, "Rothschild, (Nathaniel Mayer) Victor, third Baron Rothschild (1910–1990)", rev., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 9 March 2007

References

• Rose, Kenneth (2003). Elusive Rothschild: The Life of Victor, Third Baron. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81229-7. 
• See also the list of references at Rothschild banking family of England

Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Walter Rothschild	Baron Rothschild 1937–1990	Succeeded by Jacob Rothschild
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Walter Rothschild	Baronet (of Tring Park) 1937–1990	Succeeded by Jacob Rothschild

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Name	Rothschild, Victor 3rd Baron Rothschild
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