- Bandwidth expansion
Bandwidth expansion is a technique for widening the bandwidth or the
resonances in an LPC filter. This is done by moving all the poles towards the origin by a constant factor gamma. The bandwidth-expanded filter A'(z) can be easily derived from the original filter A(z) by::A'(z) = A(z/gamma)
Let A(z) be expressed as:
:A(z) = sum_{k=0}^{N}a_kz^{-k}
The bandwidth-expanded filter can be expressed as:
:A'(z) = sum_{k=0}^{N}a_kgamma^kz^{-k}
In other words, each
coefficient a_k in the original filter is simply multiplied by gamma^k in the bandwidth-expanded filter. The simplicity of this transformation makes it attractive, especially inCELP coding of speech, where it is often used for the perceptual noise weighting and/or to stabilize the LPC analysis. However, when it comes to stabilizing the LPC analysis, lag windowing is often preferred to bandwidth expansion.References
P. Kabal, "Ill-Conditioning and Bandwidth Expansion in Linear Prediction of Speech", "Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing", pp. I-824-I-827, 2003.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.