- Treaty of Moscow (1921)
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The Treaty of Moscow or Treaty of Brotherhood was a friendship treaty between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Bolshevist Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, signed on 16 March 1921. Neither the Republic of Turkey, nor the Soviet Union was established at the time; the internationally recognized Turkish government at the time was that of sultan Mehmed VI, which was no party to the Treaty of Moscow and which had earlier signed the Treaty of Sèvres that had been repudiated by the kemalists.
Under the Treaty of Moscow,[1] the two governments undertook to establish friendly relations between the countries; the Treaty stipulated that the term "Turkey" therein meant the territories included in the National Oath adopted by the Ottoman Parliament on 28 January 1920.
Article VI of the Treaty declared all the treaties theretofore concluded between Russia and Turkey to be null and void; under Article II, Turkey ceded Batum and the adjacent area North of the village of Sarp to Georgia (Kars Oblast went to Turkey); Article III instituted an autonomous Nakhchivan oblast under Azerbaijan's protectorate; under Article V, the parties agreed to delegate the final elaboration of the status of the Black Sea and the Straits to a future conference of delegates of the littoral states, provided that the "full sovereignty" and security of Turkey and "her capital city of Constantinople" are not injured.
Turkey's borders, as well as those of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, as defined by the Treaty of Moscow as well as the identical Treaty of Kars (signed on October 13, 1921) are still in existence.
References
- ^ Документы внешней политики СССР. Moscow, 1959, Vol. III, pp. 597-604.
External links
- Full text of the Treaty of Moscow in original Russian
- "Moscow, Treaty of." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 23 March 2007
Turkish War of Independence Concepts Local congresses Amasya Circular · Erzurum Congress · Balıkesir Congress · Alaşehir Congress · Sivas Congress · Amasya Protocol · Grand National AssemblyIssues Campaigns RevoltsArmenianGreekSmyrna, 1919 (Occupation) · Aydın · 1st İnönü · 2nd İnönü · Eskişehir · Sakarya · Dumlupinar · Smyrna, 1922 · Fire of SmyrnaAgreements Treaty of Alexandropol · Treaty of Moscow (1921) · Conference of London · Cilicia Peace Treaty · Treaty of Ankara (1921) · Treaty of Kars · Conference of London · Armistice of Mudanya · Conference of Lausanne · Treaty of LausanneWorld War I treaties During Sykes–Picot • St.-Jean-de-Maurienne • French–Armenian • Damascus Protocol • London • Brest-Litovsk • Ukraine • BatumParis Peace Conference Aftermath Rapallo (1920) • Alexandropol • Moscow • Cilicia • Ankara • Kars • Lausanne • Rapallo (1922) • Montreux Conventions (Regime of the Turkish Straits • Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt) • Territories of the Former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy • Italian Reparation Payments • British Capitulations in Egypt (Denmark • Greece • Norway • Sweden • Portugal) • Sino-German Peace TreatySee also: Fourteen Points • Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
Treaties of TurkeyDuring the War of Independence Treaty of Alexandropol (Gümrü) • Cilicia Peace Treaty • Treaty of Moscow • Treaty of Kars • Treaty of Ankara • Armistice of Mudanya • Treaty of LausanneAfter Proclamation of the Republic Balkan Pact • Montreux Convention • Treaty of Saadabad • Nyon Arrangement • German–Turkish Non-Aggression Pact • CENTO • Zürich and London Agreements • Ankara Agreement • RCD Treaty • Bosporus Statement (BSEC) • ECO Treaty • The Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual SupportCategories:- History of the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia
- Treaties of Turkey
- World War I treaties
- 1921 in Turkey
- Treaties concluded in 1921
- Treaties entered into force in 1921
- Treaties of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Russia–Turkey relations
- Treaties of the Turkish War of Independence
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