Oda Nobukatsu

In this Japanese name, the family name is "Oda".

Oda Nobukatsu (織田 信雄^?, 1558 – June 10, 1630) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama period. He was the second son of Oda Nobunaga. He survived the decline of the Oda clan from political prominence, becoming a daimyo in the early Edo period.

Kitabatake clan

In 1570, Nobukatsu became an adopted heir of the Kitabatake clan and married a daughter of the former lord of Kitabatake, Tomonori. The true nature of this marriage was a condition of truce forced by the Oda clan to the Kitabatake clan. In 1575, Nobukatsu officially became the head of the family. The next year, he killed his father-in-law, imprisoned the previous lord, who was his father by adoption, and completely took over the Kitabatake clan.

In 1579, eager to achieve fame, Nobukatsu directed an invasion of Iga, which only ended in disastrous failure and severe rebuke from his father. Two years later, Nobunaga himself led another invasion with an army of several ten thousand and destroyed the whole region.

Death of Nobunaga

When Nobunaga and his heir, Nobutada, died at the Incident at Honnō-ji in 1582, problems arose about who would succeed the lordship of Oda clan. Though Nobukatsu's younger brother Nobutaka intended to become the new lord, the retainers decided on the two-year-old son of Nobutada, Oda Hidenobu. It is said that the opinion of Toyotomi Hideyoshi was most influential on this decision, and Hideyoshi, Nobukatsu and Nobutaka were assigned to the custodian of the new lord. At this point, Nobukatsu changed his surname back to Oda. And, he succeeded Mino Province/Owari Province/Ise Province.

Decline of Nobukatsu

During the succeeding chaotic years, Nobukatsu joined with Hideyoshi to destroy Nobutaka. However, soon their relationship became hostile, too, and Nobukatsu allied with Tokugawa Ieyasu to fight Hideyoshi in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584.

After more than a half year of battles, Hideyoshi persuaded Nobukatsu to make peace, offering him the security of the dominion. Nobukatsu took this offer and practically became a retainer of Hideyoshi. Later, when he served at the siege of Odawara (1590), he refused to accept the order of Hideyoshi to change his dominion, and not only lost his original dominion but also had to become a monk and be put under control of other retainers of Hideyoshi. A few years later, Hideyoshi's anger eased and Nobukatsu regained some land to dominate.

He became the guardian of Toyotomi Hideyori after Hideyoshi's death. However, he betrayed Toyotomi clan at Siege of Osaka, and surrendered to Tokugawa Ieyasu. As a result, he was permitted to remain a daimyo by the Tokugawa shogunate.

Though he is often described as an incompetent general, he at least managed to survive the series of upheavals. After the establishment of Tokugawa shogunate, he became the lord of the Uda-Matsuyama Domain in Yamato Province (modern-day Nara Prefecture), and comfortably lived the rest of his life.

References

• (Japanese) Japanese Wiki article on Nobukatsu (18 Sept. 2007)

Preceded by Kitabatake Tomofusa	Kitabatake family head 1572-1582	Succeeded by none
Preceded by Fukushima Takaharu	1st (Oda) Lord of Uda-Matsuyama 1615-1630	Succeeded by Oda Takanaga