Nueces Hotel

The Nueces Hotel as seen in an illustration from the 1940s.

The Nueces Hotel in Corpus Christi, Texas was a luxury hotel that also served the city as a center of social and political life during the early twentieth century and was for years the largest building in Texas south of San Antonio.

Beginnings

In the early 1900s, leading Corpus Christi citizens realized that the city needed such a hotel to attract tourists and business and decided to build one downtown. They chose the site of Hopson's meat processing plant and the Anderson family salt mill, including the Andersons' two story house that also stood on the site. The six story hotel, built by Ayers & Ayers Architects during a spate of municipal improvements, was completed in 1913, occupying the block between Water Street and Chaparral Street and having its main entrance on Peoples Street. It was named the Nueces Hotel, also the name of a hotel in La Pryor, Texas. In 1919 wealthy rancher W. W. Jones (1858–1942), who in 1929 built the nearby and still extant Jones Building, bought out the other stockholders to become the sole owner.

Amenities

The Nueces was a large brick building with all the modern amenities, including its own laundry and electric power plant (with Claude L. Stephens as electrical engineer). It had a classical style lobby with Corinthian columns, decorated ceilings, and marble and tile floors, that was furnished with huge plush chairs and couches. The Sun Parlor had fine brickwork, potted plants, area rugs, and wicker furniture, and tall windows that admitted abundant daylight creating a pleasant dining experience with an outdoor atmosphere and indoor comfort; the tropical outdoor garden let guests and others enjoy their meals among palm trees, sheltered by walls from the street and from the prevailing winds that cooled the east lobby. There was a barbershop and a number of stores in or near the main lobby, including such specialty stores as Al's Men's Wear and the Hardy Shoe Store.

Location and staff

Originally the hotel stood almost on the bayshore (Water Street, on its east side, at that time ran along the water's edge) and thus convenient to one of Corpus Christi's main attractions. Until the present landfill and seawall were built Peoples Street extended out as a covered pier over the water, covered in deference to ladies' modesty, that ended in a pavilion. In 1922 this was replaced with the Pleasure Pier, a similar wooden wharf-like structure for fishing and mooring boats. When the seawall was finished the water was further from the building but still within easy walking distance. In 1940 Peoples Street reached to the T-head, a paved parking area shaped like a letter T extending out on the water for fishing and boat slips.

The first manager seems to have been Joe J. Nix. Staff included uniformed bellhops, generally black men, and uniformed Hispanic girls as elevator operators. Pages, according to Theodore Fuller's memoir, were boys whose voices had changed; they wore snappy uniforms that they changed near the kitchen, from which they pilfered éclairs and other tidbits. These weren't considered demeaning jobs; Bellhop Lincoln Daniels started a long career there in 1914 and as bell captain was liked and trusted by staff and guests. Gilberto S. Revilla, who died in 2000, had his 1930s employment there mentioned in his obituary, and so did Walter Everette Hull, who as a hotel soda jerk once served Congressman Lyndon B. Johnson.

Activities

Microfilm newspapers from the era, preserved in the Corpus Christi Central Library, list ads that show prices. Rooms were a dollar per day up. The Club Breakfast started at twenty-five cents, the Businessman's Lunch at fifty cents. Another ad notes that for Thanksgiving 1915 turkey dinner at the Nueces, including oysters and olives, was one dollar.

In addition to fine food, the Nueces provided professional entertainment, with dances on summer nights and weekends year round. The restaurants featured string quartets, piano, violin, and vocal soloists. A newspaper ad from 1915 promises that Gayle Forbush and Morgan Wheeler of New York City, doubtless well known entertainers in the early 1900s, would perform exhibition dancing daily from 7PM to 9PM. St. Cecilia's Orchestra, which is described as "Mexican", meaning in the context of the times that the members were Hispanic and not necessarily Mexican nationals or persons who played Tejano music, performed the dance music every summer evening and once a week year round.

Not all entertainment was sedate. Soon after the hotel opened a tightwire, or tightrope walker crossed Peoples Street six floors up from the City National Bank to the Nueces. Another time not long after a "human fly" scaled the hotel without ropes, pretending to lose his grip a couple of times to thrill the audience below.

Organizations

The Nueces became a meeting place for Corpus Christi and south Texas leaders. Mr. Jones liked to spend part of the day in the plush lobby talking over old times with other ranchers. The barbershop had a shelf for the personal shaving mugs of prominent citizens who regularly patronized it. Some lived there part or full time. Pat Dunn, known as "the Duke of Padre Island" because he had owned much of the land there that later became county and federal parks and housing subdivisions, finally moved into town and lived at the Nueces. He died in his hotel room in March 1935. It was said that much of the business—government, private, and cultural—of south Texas was conducted at the Nueces during the first part of the century.

Evidence of its formal participation is easily found though of course "back room" dealings have left little trace. In 1913 the Texas Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers was established by the Texas Good Roads Association in a meeting at the Nueces. One of the few remaining early local newspapers reports that the Texas Daughters of the Confederacy met there in November 1915. The Woman's Monday Club met on 12 July 1916 when Mrs. G. R. Scott, president of City Federation of Women's Clubs, gave a lecture on her New York trip to the 13th biennial meeting of the American Federation of Women's Clubs. In early 1923 the Corpus Christi Golf & Country Club hosted the second link in a professional winter golf tour, ending with a banquet at the Nueces where prizes were awarded by toastmaster Joseph Hirsch. Jones' daughter Lorinda, a member of the La Retama Club that founded the Corpus Christi library system, donated free office space to the Junior League (originally the Junior Assistance Club) in the Nueces—and in 1937 donated the family's original mansion to the library. In 1938 the Buccaneer Days Commission met and established their headquarters on the hotel mezzanine floor; their purpose was to start Buccaneer Days in place of Splash Day (established 1917) as a civic festival and tourist attraction. The Old Bayview Cemetery Association, dedicated to making the oldest downtown cemetery a state monument, met there in May 1940. The Texas Chapter of CPAs was established during a meeting there in the fall of 1947. The C. C. Harmonairs, dedicated to barbershop singing, established the first local barbershop quartet Chapter at the Nueces in 1948.

There is record of less positive matters. In 1947 a baby boy was found abandoned in a room rented to a couple who'd registered under what turned out to be false names. According to hotel clerk Joseph Sears the baby had a note with him to the effect that he was "born without a daddy." George de Mohrenschildt, who was involved or at least suspected to have been involved in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, mentioned in his 1964 testimony that while staying at the Nueces in the 1940s he was harassed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Hurricanes

The Nueces was a sanctuary in two natural disasters before 1920. One was the hurricane of 1916, which struck on 18 August of that year. About 500 people found sanctuary in the building, over a thousand were evacuated from North Beach (the sand bar island across the mouth of the Nueces River), the boat Pilot Boy in Port Aransas was lost, the roof was blown off Lichtenstein's department store, and about 116 people were killed. The hotel stood up to the storm.

The second was the hurricane of 11 September 1919, the worst natural disaster to hit Corpus Christi. Again, people found refuge in the hotel, but this time the tidal surge poured through downtown destroying houses and businesses and reaching to the hotel's second floor before rushing back out into the bay. The lobby was flooded, its furniture floating among debris that included a dead horse. Windows were blown out and people huddled in the lightless hallways of upper floors. Downtown was left a jumbled mass of lumber, masonry, and glass, vehicles and boats, and often oil-drenched bodies of people and animals, with only the strongest structures remaining. Again, the Nueces stood up to the storm but the city was devastated and an uncertain number of people, hundreds if not more, were killed. The 1919 storm motivated the city to construct the seawall.

1920s-1950s

Despite this the town and the hotel prospered through the 1920s. Railroad service was constantly improved and in 1926 Corpus Christi's deepwater port was opened. More hotels were built and in 1928 Jones added a 103 room wing to the Nueces. Despite the next decade's economic troubles there still seemed a measure of prosperity. A fire broke out in a penthouse-level repair shop in 1938, with spectators on the street watching the fire department and shouting suggestions, but it appears to have been more spectacle than disaster. In 1939, when the Naval Air Station was being built, so many people came to work on it that the hotels were full and the Nueces set up extra beds in the Sun Room. The hotel maintained its status through the Great Depression, the World War II years, and into the 1950s.

The Nueces of this period is mentioned in at least one work of fiction, the young people's novel Lone Star by Barbara Barrie, published in 1990. A girl from Chicago moves with her family to Corpus Christi in 1944. Riding with her father on a Sunday night she sees the town dark and only the hotel's "flickering" neon sign is on, casting alternate red and blue light on the sidewalk.

Downfall

During the 1950s the Nueces began to lose out to the new crop of hotels and motels, perhaps making less and less of the money needed to maintain it, and suffering the occasional battering by hurricanes. It was then no longer the civic and cultural meeting place it had been. The Jones heirs finally decided to sell it, and in 1961 Joseph Barshop of San Antonio bought it, operating it as a hotel until 1967 when it became a retirement home.

After surviving many storms, the Nueces was at last badly damaged by Hurricane Celia on 3 August 1970. Celia was more of a wind storm, with gusts over 200 mph, and did comparatively little damage by tidal surge. The storm knocked down brick walls and flung signs, pieces of metal, wooden timbers, and other debris through the air and sometimes through buildings. Downtown was piled with rubble. The Nueces Hotel was deemed too badly damaged to be worth saving.

Aftermath

The fixtures and various items such as ash trays and dinnerware bearing the hotel name were sold to the public, some things such as the lobby clock and the "flickering" neon sign ending up in the Corpus Christi Museum. In 1971 Braselton Construction Company demolished the hotel. On the site Barshop built a new inn, the La Quinta Royale, which opened in September 1973 with Mayor Jason Luby cutting the ribbon. A historical marker there commemorates the Nueces.

References

• Chamber of Commerce. Corpus Christi. Corpus Christi: Caller-Times; 1942.
• Eisenhauer, Anita and Starnes, Gigi. Corpus Christi: A Picture Postcard History. Corpus Christi: Golden Banner Press; 1987.
• Fuller, Theodore A. When The Century And I Were Young. Sylva, N. C.: T. A. Fuller; 1979.
• Givens, Murphy. Old Corpus Christi. Corpus Christi: Caller-Times; 2002.
• Givens, Murphy. Old South Texas. Corpus Christi: Caller-Times; 2003.
• Nueces County Historical Society. The History of Nueces County. Austin: Jenkins Publishing Company; 1972.
• Walraven, Bill and Marjorie K. Gift of the Wind. Corpus Christi: Javalina Press; 1997.
• Newspapers are available on microfilm in the Local History Room of the Central Library, 805 Comanche Street, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78401. Newspapers for the early 20th century and before are incomplete.

External links

• Abandoned Baby
• Nueces at genealogy.com
• Ayers & Ayers
• Bayview Cemetery Association
• Buccaneer Days
• Daredevils
• Daredevils
• George de Mohrenschildt investigated
• George de Mohrenschildt investigated
• Golf Tournament in 1923
• Harmonairs
• Hurricanes of 1916, 1919
• Hurricanes of 1916, 1919
• Hurricane Celia
• Hurricane Celia
• Jones Building
• La Pryor, Texas
• Lorine Jones, La Retama Club
• Obituaries
• Obituaries
• Pat Dunn "The Duke of Padre Island"
• Texas Good Roads Association
• TSCPA Organized
• W. W. Jones
• Woman's Monday Club