La Martiniere Lucknow

Infobox_University


name = La Martinière College, Lucknow
motto = "Labore et Constantia"
(Work and Constancy)
established = 1845 (boys) 1869 (girls) by Major General Claude Martin
type = Private
principal = Elton D'Souza (boys)
Farida Abraham (girls)
city = Lucknow, IND
enrollment= c. 1,700 (boys)
c. 2,200 (girls)
staff = Varies
campus = Urban city, varying area
website= [http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org wwww.lamartinierelucknow.org] |

La Martinière College is a premiere educational institution located in Lucknow, the capital of the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. The College consists of two schools on different campuses for boys and girls. La Martinière Boys' College was founded in 1845 and La Martinière Girls' College was established in 1869. The Boys' College is the only school in the world to have been awarded royal battle honours [http://www.margaretdeefholts.com/Lucknow.html Deefholts, Margaret. 'History's ghosts in Old Lucknow'] accessed June 2007] for its role in the defence of Lucknow during the mutiny of 1857. The two Lucknow colleges are part of the La Martinière family of schools founded by the French adventurer Major General Claude Martin. There are two La Martinière Colleges in Kolkata and three in Lyon. La Martinière provides a liberal education and the medium of instruction is the English language. The schools cater for pupils from the ages of five through to 17 or 18, and are open to children of all religious denominations. The schools have both day scholars and boarders.

Claude Martin - the founder

La Martinière Boys' College was founded by an endowment from the wealthy eighteenth-century Frenchman, Major-General Claude Martin (1735-1800), who was an officer in the French and later the British East India Company.Martin acquired his large fortune while serving Asaf-ud-Daula, the nawab wazir of Awadh, and was reputedly the richest Frenchman in India. Constantia, the palatial building which now houses the Boys' College, was built in 1785 as Martin's country residence, but was not completed until 1802, [ [http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019ADDOR0004035U00000000 'La Martinière (??), the house of Colonel Martin, at Lucknow'. From the British Library's Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections on the Collect Britain website.] accessed July 2007] two years after Martin's death on 13 September 1800. Historians believe that the house takes its name from the school motto "Labore et Constantia" (Work and Constancy) which represents Martin's personal philosophy. There is a more romantic, though unproven, notion that the building was named after Constance, a young French girl who was supposedly Martin’s first love. [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/claudemartin/claudemartin.html An article by the Lucknow historian Ms. Rosie Llewellyn-Jones in "Taj" magazine"] accessed June 2007]

At the time of his death Martin's estate was valued at approximately £500,000 (forty of rupees). [Rosie Llewellyn-Jones, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/63526 'Martin, Claude (1735–1800)'] , Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 1 July 2007] Martin never married and he had no heirs. In his will, dated 1 January 1800, he left the bulk of his substantial estate to provide for the establishment of three schools to be named La Martinière in his memory. The schools were to be located in Lucknow, Calcutta and at Lyon, his birth place in France. The residue of his estate after certain bequests had been made was to be used for the maintenance of these schools. He directed that the school in Lucknow should be established at Constantia and that the house should be kept as a "school or College for learning young men the English language and Christian religion if they found themselves inclined". [http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/glory1_1.htm A synopsis of the history of La Martinière College, Lucknow] accessed June 2007]
thumb|200px|Antoine_Polier,_General_Claude_Martin,_John_Wombwell,_assay_master,_and_Johann_Zoffany,_the_painter,_surrounded_by_servants_and_PolierClaude Martinrect 124 147 181 298 Antoine-Louis Polierrect 208 146 253 217 Johann Zoffanydesc noneMartin further instructed in his will that his 'body be salted, put in spirits or embalmed', and placed in a lead coffin in a vault beneath the house. His tomb should carry a plaque bearing the following inscription:

Major-General Claude Martin.
Arrived in India as a common soldier
and died at Lucknow on the 13th of September,
1800, as a Major-General.
He is buried in this tomb.
Pray for his soul."Extract from "Quest for Kim - In search of Kipling's Great Game" by Peter Hopkirk. London: John Murray, 1996. ISBN: 0719555604. [http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/INDIA/1999-04/0924859689 Transcribed by Tony Mooar in a posting on the India-L Rootsweb Mailing List on 23 April 1999] accessed June 2007]

It is popularly believed that Martin was motivated not just by vanity but by a desire to protect his property after his death and to prevent his friend the nawab from acquiring it. By having himself, a Christian, buried beneath Constantia, he knew that the building would be permanently desecrated in the Muslim nawab's eyes. Chandan Mitra, in his book "Constant Glory", thinks otherwise. He writes "Constantia's plans show that the basement mausoleum was part of the original scheme for the building and not included as an afterthought to guard against requisition."Mitra, Chandan. "Constant glory: La Martinière saga 1836-1986". Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1987.]

Martin was duly interred in a specially prepared vault in the basement of the house. Thus Constantia became both a school and a mausoleum. It is the largest European funerary monument in India, and the historian William Dalrymple has described it as "the East India Company's answer to the Taj Mahal". [http://www.tornosindia.com/lamartinier_themutinty.html Prachi Pratap, "La Martinière and the Mutiny", on Tornos India] accessed July 2007]

La Martinière: the early years

After Martin's death there were protracted disputes in the Calcutta High Court and consequently his will was not proved until 1840. In the interim the Constantia building was used as a guest house for visiting Europeans.

The school finally opened on 1st October 1845 with some seventy boys on roll. The first Principal was John Newmarch.

Initially, the school was only open to Europeans and Eurasians.

Unlike the Calcutta La Martinière, the Lucknow school was technically established outside British territory so right from its inception its interaction with local society was frequent and substantial. There was also a native branch of the school in the Maqbara Umjid Ali Shah at Hazratgunj in the centre of Lucknow. There were plans to move the native school to a different location, although it is not known whether this actually took place.

The first major challenge that visited the La Martinière School as the events of 1857 when it had to leave its premises and was called to assist in the defence of the Lucknow Residency.

La Martinière during the 1857 uprising

The events of 1857 saw the making of the Martinian military legend. For the first time in history, Britain called on schoolboys to assist in the military conflict - namely the defence of the Lucknow Residency. The names of eight staff members, sixty seven boys and one ensign (old boy) are inscribed on the 'Roll of Honour, defence of the Residency 1857' at La Martinière Lucknow. The siege began on the 30 June 1857. Early in June, the Chief Commissioner of Oudh, Sir Henry Lawrence ordered the Martinière be evacuated and for several days the boys travelled from the Residency to the College collecting provisions. The force within the Residency then consisted of British and Indian troops and civilian volunteers including a number of Anglo-Indians. The Martinière contingent was commanded by the Principal, Mr. George Schilling. The Residency was under siege for eighty-six days, until relieved by Sir Colin Campbell in November 1857.

The role of the boys and masters of La Martinière has been well documented in Chandan Mitra's 1987 book titled "Constant Glory - La Martinière saga 1836-1986". The Residency fortifications and defended houses were about a mile in circumference, and the Martinière contingent, along with a detachment of the 32nd Regiment of Foot, were garrisoned in a strongly built house containing tykhanas (cellars) and adjoining outhouses. The position became known as The Martinière Post and was a mere thirty feet distant from Johannes House, held by the rebels, and as a consequence, was exposed to heavy shelling.

Apart from actual fighting, the boys performed a number of useful tasks within the Residency compound. Some ran messages to the hospital, watched over the sick and wounded, ground corn and manned the telegraph connecting the Residency to Alam Bagh; others were seconded to domestic duties in place of native servants who had absconded. The boys proved willing helpers and despite the many dangers, their casualties were surprisingly few. Two died of dysentery and two others were wounded in action. Their diet consisted of mutton and buffalo-head soup. On another occasion, a mine blew down the outer room of The Martinière Post, but the boys bravely defended the breach and after several days of bitter fighting managed to drive off the enemy housed opposite their camp.

Major Gorman in his "Great Exploits - The Siege of Lucknow" wrote that the Martinière boys erected an amateur semaphore on the Residency tower from instructions given in a number of the "Penny Encyclopaedia" [Gorman, JT. Great exploits: the siege of Lucknow. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1941.] . The semaphore enabled General Outram to advise the commander of the relieving force Sir Colin Campbell ‘to give the city a wide berth’, avoiding the heavy enemy batteries on the direct road to the Residency. The fiercest fighting of the advance that followed was at the Martinière College, strongly defended by the mutineers. Sir Colin dislodged them, occupied the college, setting up another semaphore on its roof to communicate with Outram. The Martinière contingent took part in the secret evacuation of the Residency, and the rambling journey of six weeks across India which followed, until finally arriving by boat at Benares. After the Siege the College was temporarily moved to Benares. Classrooms were established in bungalows and the school routine recommenced.

Rewards and battle honours

Principal Schilling’s leadership was well rewarded. He became a taluqdar, or noble of Oudh, with an estate worth £30,000, thereby ensuring a comfortable retirement in England. The Martinière contribution was officially recognised in Queen Victoria’s (1858) proclamation. The staff and the boys who served during the Mutiny were all awarded the Indian Mutiny Medal, inscribed with the words "Defence of Lucknow", in recognition of their courage and steadfastness. [ [http://members.ozemail.com.au/~clday/medals.htm La Martinière Staff and Students Awarded the Indian Mutiny Medal 1857-1859] accessed June 2007] The awards were notified to the principal on 5th February 1861 by a letter from the chief commissioner of Oudh. However, it was not until 1932, following a request by the College, that the British Government recognised Martinière's role in 1857. The school was granted the right, on ceremonial occasions, to carry a British Army regimental-style 'colour' or flag bearing its own coat of arms with a picture of the Residency and the words "Defence of Lucknow, 1857". It thus became the only school in the world to be awarded a battle honour. McGill University in Canada is the only other educational institution in the British Empire to be awarded the same honour for its role in World War I.

Bishop Cotton made the following reference to the Martinière action at St. Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta on 28 July 1860:

Public thanksgiving to Almighty God for deliverance from the sepoy revolt should take expression in the form of schools for the children of the Community that had stood so nobly by England in her hour of need and which shed its blood for kinsmen across the seas.

The flag has not been displayed publicly since 1947 as the subject caused some ambivalence. Satish Bhatnagar, author of "Bright Renown: La Martinière College Lucknow" comments: "I once asked the principal why the school is hiding the honour. He said he didn't know how the Indian government would take it." [ [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Sunday_Specials/Schoolboy_soldiers/rssarticleshow/1973983.cms "Schoolboy soldiers" Agniva Banerjee Times of India 29 Apr, 2007] accessed June 2007]

La Martinière after 1857

La Martinière Lucknow, like its counterpart in Calcutta, expanded rapidly after the Mutiny. There were 148 students on its rolls in 1859, but the number had increased to 277 by March 1862. Boarders came from all over the province from districts like Pratapgarh, Mirzapur, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Kanpur and Etawah.

The records show that in 1865 over 120 boys qualified for admission to the higher department of the Civil Engineering College at Roorkee.

In the years following the Mutiny the city of Lucknow, now under the British Crown, underwent a tremendous change and the whole city was redesigned. La Martinière emerged as an outpost of the British Empire and it acquired the traditions of English public schools.

In 1869, the La Martinière Girls' School was founded and in 1871 it moved to its present location. Initially the Girls' School was under the management of the Boy's School. The La Martinière College Principal was in overall charge of both the Boys' and Girls' Schools, with the Girls' school headed by a Lady Superintendent.

The late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century saw the emergence of the school as an exclusive school preferred by the landed aristocracy of Awadh.

In 1945, the College celebrated its Centenary.

In wake of threat of invasion by the Japanese during the Second World War the Calcutta Schools was re-located to Lucknow.

After Indian Independence, the curriculum was changed in 1947 with Urdu being dropped as a compulsory subject and replaced by Hindi.

Many Anglo-Indians both students and Masters left for Britain and Australia. This trend was to continue till almost the mid seventies

In 1951, Mr. Meredith Doutre was appointed as the first Indian Principal of the College. He was succeeded by Col HRH Daniels in the sixties and then by Mr. DEW Shaw in the mid seventies.

Under these three Principals the school was reinvented as a premier Indian Public School that was more in tune with the changing times. The bulk of the students now were mostly drawn from the upper middle and middle classes .

In 1960, there was extensive flooding of the grounds by the Gomti River resulting in the evacuation of staff and boys to higher ground. The dinghy, manned by National Cadet Corps staff and boys, maintained regular contact with the outside world and the staff still provided classes and meals for the students.

In 1962 and 1971 again major floods occurred which threatened the building. The Government decided to build a bund to prevent these regular floodings. The bund was constructed in 1973-74 which separated the school lake from the main vista thus substantially reducing the earlier picturesque setting.

In 1976 the school was affiliated over the Indian Council for Secondary Education system of education. This entailed the exam for the Certificate of Secondary Education ( class X ) and the School Leaving Certificate (class XII).

In 1995 the School celebrated its Sesquicentennial Anniversary and most of the functions were capsuled during the Founders Day Week. Former principals, old Martinians from all over the country and abroad, delegations from Lyon and Calcutta converged to Lucknow for this once in a lifetime event. To commemorate this historic occasion, a short history of the college "Bright Renown" was released, an exhibition on the history of the school was organized, and for several days the Constantia was lit up in the night. And the President of India released a special postage stamp to recognize the contribution of La Martiniere Lucknow.

The pastoral ambience of the La Martiniere was rudely shattered when a tragedy struck the College in 1997 .One of the teachers was murdered in the early hours of the morning on 7 March. Thirty-year-old Anglo-Indian Frederick Gomes, the College's assistant warden and physical training instructor, was murdered in his bungalow on the perimeter of the school grounds. Two people were seen firing shots through a broken window at the back of the building, but the culprits were not identified and the murder remains unsolved. However, the murder created a sensation in India at the time, especially when it was found that the school's students had access to guns. Newspaper columnist Saeed Naqvi, a former pupil at the school commented: "The killing is a metaphor of our times. For such a level of violence to reach the sacred precincts of La Martinière is symbolic of the way that Lucknow, like so much of India, has completely ceased to be what it once was."

Constantia

La Martinière Boys' College occupies the central portion of the Constantia building and is set in extensive campus of around convert|200|acre|km2|1, part of which is now used by Lucknow Golf Club. The sprawling estate also includes a village called Martin Purwa, named after Claude Martin, and part of the Lucknow Zoo. Constantia stands on a landscaped terrace overlooking what was once a lake, from the centre of which rises a solid fluted column with a Moorish cupola known as 'the Laat'. The monument is about forty metres (~125 feet) high, and is thought either to be a lighthouse or a marker for the grave of Claude Martin's horse. Over the years, the Gomti River has edged closer, necessitating the construction of a river bund between the front terrace and 'the Laat'. In 1960, the grounds were flooded and the 1803 and 1934 earthquakes caused several statues to fall from their pedestals where they crown the architecture. The statues are in modern and older antique styles.

The building is constructed in an unusual mix of styles. The rooms are decorated in bas reliefs, arabesques and other Italian styled ornamentation. The eighteenth-century English potter Josiah Wedgewood was said to be responsible for the plaster of Paris plaques decorating the library and the chapel. However, the plaques which depict classical and mythological subjects are thought to be of local construction. Orders for tons of imported Plaster of Paris were discovered in Martin’s letters, it is believed that they are in fact based on just one or two original models. What was imported was the large mirrors, French carpets, inlaid marble [after his death there were many tons of marble discovered from Jaipur and even China] tables and paintings including some by Johann Zoffany who was a friend of Claude Martin. The building has been described as, "part Enlightenment mansion, part Nawabi fantasy, and part Gothic colonial barracks. Its facade mixes Georgian colonnades with the loopholes and turrets of a mediaeval castle; above, Palladian arcades rise to Mughal copulas." [http://www.travelintelligence.net/wsd/articles/art_834.html East of Eton] William Dalrymple TravelIntelligence.net accessed June 2007]

Philip Davies writing on Architecture of the Raj in the illustrated London News of May 1982 has this to say about the Constantia:

" Built in the 1790s it is a bizarre building in a country renowned for extravagant eccentricities. Even more incongrously it now houses an eminent Indian Public school blessed with all the tribal rituals of Eton or Harrow. It is a disturbing building of the most peculiar design. The central tower has bridge links and the entire central range has a strange array of statues dominated by two huge lions whose eyes were supposedly lit by red lanterns."

History of the Girls' School

Unlike the schools in Calcutta and Lyons there had been no provision to found a girls' school in Lucknow. However funds were found from a "female education fund" and a school was started at Moti Mahal. The Lucknow Girls' School, as it was then known, was run by Mrs. Saunders Abbott. Following a land grant from the government the school was moved to its present location at Khursheed Manzil in 1871 and incorporated and established as a branch of La Martinière College. [ [http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com/history.htm History of the Girls' College] accessed June 2007] The adoption and endowment was facilitated by the distribution by the High Court of Calcutta of the surplus funds of the legacy for the release and relief of prisoners for debt left by General Claude Martin.

Khursheed Manzil, or the "House of the Sun", is a large double-storeyed mansion marked by towers at the corners. The building was begun by Saadat Ali Khan, and completed by his son, Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar. The property was built in the form of a fortified castle. There is a convert|12|ft|m|0|sing=on-wide moat, over which there was formerly a drawbridge. After the annexation of Oudh, in 1856, Khursheed Manzil was used as a mess house by officers of the 32nd Regiment, and it became known as the Mess House.

During the Mutiny it was the scene of some stubborn fighting, in which both Lord Wolseley, then a captain, and Lord Roberts, as a lieutenant bore an active part. The latter planted the flag of the 2nd Punjab Infantry on the west turret as a sign of capture. The building was stormed and taken on the 17th November 1857. In constant reminder of those days, a small pillar stands just inside the gate to the left. It bears the following inscription: "It was here that Havelock, Outram and Sir Colin Campbell met on 17th November 1857".

In 1889 Government raised the school to the High or Final Standard of Education for Europeans. Later the school was recognized for the Overseas Examination Board of Cambridge University.

In 1907, on the recommendation of Mr. S. H. Butler, C.I.E, the Deputy Commissioner, The Government gave the Trustees and Governor of the school a piece of land adjoining the compound on the west of the Bank of Bengal (now the State Bank of India) considerably increasing the size of the estate and greatly improving the playground. [The principal source for the Girls' School section is the Centenary Issue of La Martinière Girls' Magazine, published in 1969.]

La Martinière in cinema

In later years the Boys' College has been the setting for a number of films including:

*Kim, a 1950s MGM adventure film starring Errol Flynn, Dean Stockwell (as Kim), Paul Lukas and Robert Douglas.
*Shakespeare Wallah, the 1965 Merchant Ivory Productions film loosely based on the real-life adventures of Felicity Kendal's family.
*Shatranj Ke Khiladi ("The Chess Players"), the 1977 film by Satyajit Ray.
*"Stones Of The Raj: The French Connection", a 1997 documentary for Channel 4 television by William Dalrymple. [ [http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/577307 British Film Institute film and TV database] accessed June 2007]
* - a 2001 Bollywood movie starring Sunny Deol, Amisha Patel, and Amrish Puri.
*Indra-The Tiger - a 2002 Tollywood movie starring Chiranjeevi, and Sonali Bendre.
*Anwar - a 2006 Bollywood movie starring Nauheed Cyrusi.

La Martinière in fiction

Rudyard Kipling's 1901 novel Kim tells of the adventures of Kimball O'Hara, the orphaned son of a British soldier. Kim is given the chance to go to St Xavier's School in Lucknow, the most prestigious school in British India. St Xavier's is a fictional creation but Kipling authorities believe that the school is modelled on La Martinière. [ [http://histclo.com/schun/country/other/india/is/iis-mart.html Individual Indian schools: La Martinière College by William Fergusson] accessed June 2007]

La Martinière Lucknow is discussed in Qurratulain Hyder's magnum opus "Aag ka Darya" (River of Fire). This book has the same status in Urdu literature as that of One Hundred Years of Solitude in Hispanic literature.

Valerie Fitzgerald's 1981 historical novel Zemindar prominently features the siege of Lucknow in 1857 and uses La Martinière as the backdrop. [ [http://www.librarything.de/work/293941 Zeminder - the link with Lucknow and the siege] accessed July 2007] The novel has an interesting character, a Martinian boy called 'Lou'.

The Indian writer Allan Sealy, a former pupil of the school, set his first novel "Trotter-Nama" in the old house, which he renamed as "Sans Souci" (carefree). The school has also featured in several short stories.

La Martinière stamps

The two La Martinière Schools in Lucknow are among the few educational institutions in India, and possibly in the world, which have the distinction to be depicted on postage stamps.

On 1 October 1995, on the 150th anniversary of the school's opening, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, the then President of India, released a two-rupee postage stamp in the school's honour. [ [http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/L/LA%20MARTINIERE%20COLLEGE,%20LUCKNOW?PHPSESSID=c7b7d0630cc7d3283f68f20efccd9a9c Image of the La Martinière stamp from the Indian Post] ]

More recently (2007), when the girls' school celebrated its 138th anniversary it was given a similar honour. The Chief Postmaster General, Neelam Srivastava, arranged for a first day cover to be issued with a picture of Khursheed Manzil on it. [ [http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com/chronology.htm A first day cover of the girls' school] accessed June 2007]

Curriculum

The College has been widely recognised for its educational and sporting standards. The academic curriculum today includes Mathematics, both English Language and Literature, History and Civics, Geography, Principles of Accounts, Commercial Studies, Science, Art, Craft and Woodwork, Choral Singing, Hindi, Sanskrit (up to Class VIII), and Computer Studies.

Class 10 students are prepared for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education and for the Indian School Certificate Examination when they are in Class 12.

The four streams at 10+2 stage are Humanities, Commerce, Life Sciences and Physical Sciences.

Extracurricular activities

Traditionally La Martinière has given importance to discipline both of the body and the mind and has encouraged the all-round development of the individual through training and competitiveness.Fact|date=July 2007

*Physical and military trainingThe College has a Senior Division National Cadet Corps (Rifles) Troop, and two troops of the junior Division (Naval and Air Wings), representing the three Defence Services. Younger boys belong to the School Scout Troop and Cub Pack. Saturday is the parade day when the NCC and Scout activities are performed with great passion and precision. The Hashman Shield is awarded to the best wing of the NCC and is keely contested.

*Games and sportsThe College has always given high importance to sports and those who perform well in sports are openly applauded and recognised in the school. The games regimen includes athletics, boxing, gymnastics, cricket, soccer, hockey, lawn tennis and table tennis.

*Honing intellectual skillsDebating, elocution, declamation, dramatics, creative writing and quizzing activities are conducted regularly for honing the intellectual skills of the students.

La Martinière campus

La Martinière College is set in extensive grounds of over convert|200|acre|km2|1. There is a large lawn on the west side of Constantia known as the Principal's Lawn which is used for open air parties and special ceremonies. The founder, Claude Martin, is commemorated with a bust in the French-style Floral Garden.

The original Constantia building houses the main library, the fabled Blue Room, the College chapel, the Principal's residence and the Senior Dormitory.

Further buildings have been erected in more recent years to cater for the expansion of the College and to provide modern facilities. There is a large assembly hall, known as Spence Hall, which is used for the traditional school ceremonies. The College also has a theatre-style Art Room, a Music Room and a Computer Centre. There is a separate science block with theatre-style classrooms, and chemistry, physics and biology laboratories for the senior boys. Each house has its own common room or "Housie", and the school has a tuck shop selling snacks, confectionery and soft drinks.

There are three dormitories for the boarders, and they also have their own college kitchen. The boarders have their meals in Sykes Hall. The College has its own hospital and nursing staff, and a visiting college doctor.

The Principal and Vice-Principal both have houses on the campus and there are also a number of campus cottages for the teachers. There is a Teachers' Centre and staff rooms for the faculty. Bachelor teachers have their own mess room.

ports facilities

The College has extensive facilities for sports. There are two sports fields, known as the Polo Ground and the Fairy Dale Ground. The polo ground, as its name suggests, was originally used for polo games. Today it is the setting for cricket and athletics. It is also the venue for the physical training displays on Sports Day. Football and hockey [http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=250052 Hockey is still played (Carrots & Sticks) Kolkata Newsline August 9th 2007] accessed August 10th 2007] are played at the Fairy Dale Ground. There is a large gym for gymnastics, a skating rink and an indoor swimming pool. The College also has a volleyball court, a basketball court and lawn tennis courts.

William Hodson's grave

Within the grounds is the grave and memorial to William Hodson who became both famous and infamous during the "rebellion" of 1857.

La Martinière coat of arms

The La Martinière coat of arms was designed by the founder Claude Martin [http://members.tripod.com/~La_Martiniere/history.htm La Martiniere history at Tripod] accessed August 10th 2007] . It is supported by seven flags, each bearing the design of a fish, the emblem of Oudh [ [http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/s/silver_rupee_of_saadat,_nawab.aspx Oudh fish coins at the British Museum] accessed August 10th 2007] . The devices on the appear to epitomise Claude Martin's life. The ship recalls his voyage to India where he established his fortune. The lion with the pennant represents his career as an officer in the East India Company and with the Nawab of Oudh The setting sun behind the castellated building to the right of the shield has been said to point to the sunset of his days and the large part which the building of "Constantia" played in his later years. The coat of arms and the accompanying motto "Labore et Constantia" are now shared by all the schools founded by Martin.

The La Martinere College flag consists of the coat of arms on a blue and gold background. The flag is generally flown above the buildings, and used for formal events and celebrations, such as the annual Founder's Day.

La Martinière houses

The College is divided into four houses, mainly for promoting academic and athletic competition among the pupils. The houses were first given their names in 1913.The houses are Martin, Lyons, Cornwallis and Hodson. Each house has its own colour and motto.

The House Master of each house is the seniormost master of the particular house. He is aided by House Prefects who are senior boys with leadership qualities.

The above houses apply only to the La Martinière school in Lucknow. The houses at the Calcutta schools have different names though they also have a house named after Martin. The Martinière schools in Lyons do not have a house system.

Martinian traditions

Terms
the school calendar is split into two terms. The Easter term runs from January to May. Founder's term runs from July to December.

Annual Prize Day
The annual prize day is held at the end of each academic year, usually in April. There is a formal assembly in the afternoon during which the Principal reads out the school report. There is a speech by a prominent guest or alumnus and the College choir sing the school song and a selection of hymns. Prizes are presented for academic excellence and success in extracurricular activities. The most prestigious awards are: the Sir George Thomas Medal for Example and service; the Governor's Trophy and the Principal's Medal for Leadership; the A. K. Das Memorial Medal for the Best All-Round student; the Sykes Memorial Prize for English; and the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Award for Histrionics.

Founder's Day
Founder's Day is observed on 13th September every year to commemorate the anniversary of the death of Claude Martin in accordance with the detailed instructions left in his will. Classes are suspended for the day, which is generally followed by a school holiday. Founders' Day traditionally begins with an extended formal assembly in the morning involving a faculty march, a speech by a prominent guest or alumnus, and the playing of bagpipes. The school choir, wearing Eton jackets and broad school ties reserved for such occasions, sing the school song and a collection of hymns. Finally a wreath is laid at Claude Martin's tomb and statue.

In the afternoon the entire senior school and staff are treated to an elaborate sit-down meal known as the Founder's Day dinner. During the feast a toast is raised in memory of the Founder. A Founder's Day Social is held in the evening.

A Founder's Day Play is also organized around this time which is a big event in the cultural calendar of the school. Another tradition that has recently begun is to organise Silver Jubilee Class Reunions during Founder's Day Week.

Sports Day
Sports Day is held on the last Sunday of November on the College's polo ground. The day traditionally includes a military-type march around the school grounds, a performance by the school orchestra, PT displays , athletic competition between the school houses and a cycle race. The event ends with the 'Beating the Retreat' ceremony.

Cock House
The House that scores the maximum number of points for academic performance and sporting prowess is declared the "Cock House" of the year and receives the prestigious Cock House Trophy. They are also treated to a celebratory party.

Republic Day and Independence Day Parades
The National Cadet Corps wings of the school present a smart march past in front of the Constantia on Indian Republic Day (26th January) and Indian Independence Day (15th August). The national Tricolour is hoisted and the salute is taken by the Chief Guest on the occasion.

Annual Inter-Martinière Meet
La Martinière Lucknow Schools and the La Martinière Schools in Kolkata have an annual competitive tryst with each other. The boys compete with each other in swimming, soccer and debating while the girls compete in swimming and basketball. One year the Lucknow Schools go to Kolkata and the following year the Kolkata Schools travel to Lucknow.

School publications
The College publishes a quarterly newsletter The Martinière Post. The newsletter is managed and edited by students with the assistance of a staff co-ordinator. In addition, there is an annual magazine called the Constantia which provides a showcase for the events of the preceding year.

Principals of La Martinière

Boys' School

*John Newmarch was the first Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, in 1845.
*Leonidas Clint (1812 - 21 July 1897), was the Principal of La Martinière, Lucknow, from about 1845 to 1854. He was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge. After leaving Martinière Clint returned to the UK to take up holy orders. He was ordained as a deacon in 1859 and as a priest in 1861 (St David's). He was curate of Lamphey, Pembrokeshire (1859-1861), Hereford (1861-1863), Presteigne, Powys (1863-1865), and Brockhampton, Herefordshire (1865-1874). He was the vicar of Lingen, Herefordshire from 1874 to 1893. He was the editor of Dryden's "Flower and Leaf" and the author of "Conic Sections". He died in Dewsbury, Yorkshire, aged 85. [Venn, J. A., comp., "Alumni Cantabrigienses". London: Cambridge University Press, 1922-1954.]
*George Schilling was promoted to Principal in 1854, having previously served as assistant master at La Martiniere Calcutta. [Rees, L. E. "Mr. Rees and Mr. Martin Gubbins" (letter to the Editor). "The Times", 24 July 1858.] He was the Principal during the siege of Lucknow in 1857.
*Lieutenant Thomas Percival Wood (1882 - 25 September 1915), Principal of La Martinière Boys' College (1910-1915) and officer with the Lucknow Volunteer Rifles. Wood was educated at Dulwich College, London, and Peterhouse College, Cambridge. He was English 'Proviseur' at the Lycée Ampere in Lyons from 1906-1907. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1910. Wood was an officer of the Lucknow Volunteer Rifles, and offered his services in August 1914. He was promoted to the position of lieutenant in the Indian Army reserve in February 1915. After spending four months with the 1/7th Gurkha Rifles in Quetta, he was drafted to the Expeditionary Force in France, where he joined the 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles in September 1915. He was killed at the Battle of Loos while gallantly leading his men in action. [Fallen officers: "The Times" list of casualties', The Times, 23 May 1916] His name is commemorated on the Neuve-Chapelle memorial in France. [ [http://www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1448873 Commonwealth War Graves' Commission] accessed June 2006]
*Colonel William Edgar Andrews, Principal of the Boys' College from 1926 to 1951. Andrews moved to India in 1914 to take up a post as senior history and geography master at La Martinière Calcutta. In 1921 he was appointed Headmaster of the Boys' High School and College in Allahabad. He was appointed Principal of La Martinière Lucknow in 1926. Andrews oversaw many changes and improvements to the College, including the construction of the modern well-equipped Spence and Sykes halls, the introduction of the school song, and the award of Battle Honours. Andrews is remembered for his dedication, tolerance and understanding.

*Meredith Doutre was the first Indian Principal. [ [http://lamartinierelucknow.org/prinreport/prrep996.htm Heads Report 1995/6] Accessed July 2007] His daughter, Penelope Anne Doutre, was one of two girl students who studied briefly at the Boys' College in the early sixties, the other girl being Tessa Evelyn Dignum, who was the daughter of another member of the school staff.
*Colonel Hector R H "Danny" Daniels.
*Desmond Shaw was a former pupil of La Martinière Boys. Later he was Principal of the Cathedral & John Connon School, Mumbai.
*Terrence Philips was briefly Principal of the school. He is now the Principal of Wynberg Allen, Mussoorie.
*Elton d'Souza, the current Principal. He is another Old Martinian who now heads his alma mater.

Girls' School

Lady Superintendents

In the early years the Girls' School was led by a Lady Superintendent who reported to the Principal of the Boys' School.
*1869 Miss Dixon
*1870-1871 Mrs Marshall
*1871-1872 Miss Wilson
*1872-1878 Miss Auld
*1879-1882 Miss Pennington
*1883-1884 Miss Brenan Hayes
*1885 Miss Mathews
*1886-1889 Miss Granger
*1890-1894 Miss Greenwood
*1894-1897 Miss Young
*1898-1901 Miss Edith Annette Gow
*1902-1906 Miss Stephenson Jellie

Principals

*1907-1908 Miss Lavinia Teasdale was the first Principal and Honorary Secretary of the Girls' School.
*1909-1915 Miss Ida Williams
*1916-1923 Miss D. B. Oolving
*1924-1937 Miss M. Chick
*1937-1948 Mrs Margaret Grayhurst
*1948-1950 Mrs Ellen Howe
*1948-1950 Miss Annette Gresseux
*1951-1977 Miss Mary Annette Gresseux was the first Indian Principal. She was responsible for the expansion of the school and the building of the infrastructure.
*1978- 1997 Mrs Florence Keelor
* -present Mrs Farida Abraham [The names of the principals and superintendents of the Girls' School have been extracted from the centenary issue of La Martinière Girls Magazine, published in 1969.]

Notable Martinians

Initially the boys from La Martinière Lucknow left school to take up middle-ranking positions in Government, especially in the railways and the police. In the early decades of the 20th century the Lucknow and Calcutta schools went upmarket, and more recent alumni have risen to prominent positions in the Government and Defence Services. They have also excelled in diverse fields such as journalism and writing, advertising, entertainment, medicine, academia and the corporate sector.

Old Martinians' Association

Hubert S Bolst (1872-1947) can be called the founder of the Alumni Association. He was an ardent old boy of the school who used to get together with several Martinians stationed at Faizabad to celebrate Founder's Day. This unofficial gathering was the genesis of the present-day Old Martinians' Association (OMA) which now has chapters spread across the globe. The OMA chapters in Australia, the UK, and Canada are the more active ones. The Delhi Chapter is also becoming more vibrant.

The Bolst Fund

Bolst died in 1947 and in his will left instructions that a sum of Rs. 5,000 be handed over to the OMA as an 'Endowment Fund'. The annual interest accruing from this investment was to be used to provide a scholarship to pay the fees for a needy and deserving Anglo-Indian day scholar boy. Since then, some 50 recipients of the scholarship have reason to be thankful to Hubert Bolst. [http://www.oldmartinians.com/lmcb-luc.html The Old Martinians' Association] ]

Further reading

* Chandan Mitra. "Constant glory: La Martinière saga 1836-1986". Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1987, 95pp. ISBN 0195620445.
* Edward H Hilton. "The Martiniere boys in the Bailey Guard". Lucknow : American Methodist Mission Press, 1877, 18pp.
*"Rules and Regulations of La Martiniere, founded in Calcutta under the will of Major General Claude Martin with an extract of the will of the testator, the decree of the supreme court with regard to the same and other documents. Published by order of the Governors." Calcutta: La Martiniere College, 1835, 103pp.
* Rosie Llewellyn-Jones. "A very ingenious man: Claude Martin in early colonial India". Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993, 241pp. ISBN 0195650999.

References

ee also

*Martin Purwa
*Claude Martin
*
*, the school song by Frederick James Rowe
*La Martiniere College
*La Martiniere Calcutta
*La Martiniere Lyon
*
*Claude Martin Wade, a Colonel named after Claude Martin

External links

* [http://www.geocities.com/la_martiniere_college/index.htm La Martinière Boys]
* [http://www.lamartinieregirlscollegelko.com La Martinière Girls College]
* [http://www.lamartinierelucknow.org/homepage.html La Martinière College]
* [http://www.oldmartinians.com Old Martinians' Association]
* [http://home.the-wire.com/~raga/lmc.html David King's website about La Martinere Lucknow]
* [http://www.margaretdeefholts.com/Lucknow.html History’s ghosts in old Lucknow by Margaret Deefholts]
* [http://www.dawn.com.pk/weekly/books/archive/041017/books2.htm Excerpt from "Witness to the Mutiny" by Edward Hilton]
* [http://learning.indiatimes.com/school/pages/homepages/othercity/othschlp/lmsl1.htm School profile from Indiatimes]