Bağlama

Bağlama

Infobox Instrument
name=Bağlama
names=


classification=
*Plucked string instruments
range=
related=
* Bouzouki (Greece)
* Buzuq (Lebanon)
* Saz (Turkey)
* Tanbur
* Tar (lute), Dutar, and Setar (from Iran)

The bağlama is a stringed musical instrument shared by various cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean, Near East, and Central Asia.In Turkish, "bağlamak" means "to tie," a reference to the tied-on frets of the instrument. Like most stringed instruments, it can either be played with a plectrum (i.e., pick) or with a fingerpicking style known as şelpe.

Turkish bağlama

The bağlama, sometimes referred to as a saz or a member of the saz family, is a Turkish instrument that is fundamental in Turkish folk music. Its name literally translates to "something that is tied up." It is a stringed instrument consisting of 7 strings divided into groups of 2, 2, and 3. These groups of strings can be tuned to different combinations, each corresponding to a different system.

The bağlama is believed to be a synthesis of historical musical instruments in Central Asia and pre-Turkish Anatolia.It is the most commonly used string folk instrument in Turkey, and it takes different names according to the region it's found in and its size: Bağlama, Divan Sazı, Bozuk, Çöğür, Kopuz Irızva, Cura, Tambura, etc.

The cura is the smallest member of the bağlama family, with the highest-pitched sound. One size larger than the cura is the tambura, which is tuned an octave lower than the cura. The Divan sazı is the largest instrument in the family and is tuned one octave lower than the tambura. The bağlama has three main parts, called "tekne" (the bowl); "göğüs" (sounding board); and "sap" (neck). The "tekne" is generally made from mulberry wood but may also be made of juniper, beech, spruce, or walnut. The "göğüs" is made from spruce, and the "sap" section from beech or juniper. The tuning pegs are known as "burgu" (literally screw). Frets are tied to the "tekne" with fishing line, which allows them to be adjusted. The bağlama is usually played with a "tezene" (similar to a guitar pick) and is made from cherrywood bark or plastic. In some regions, it is played with the fingers in a style known as "Şelpe" or "Şerpe".There are three string groups, or courses, on the bağlama, with strings double or tripled. These string groups can be tuned in a variety of ways, known as "düzen". For the "bağlama düzeni", the most common tuning, the courses are tuned from top downward, A-G-D. Some other "düzen"s are "Kara Düzen" (C-G-D), "Misket Düzeni" (A-D-F), "Müstezat" (A-D-F), "Abdal Düzeni", and "Rast Düzeni". There are also electronic bağlamas, which can be connected to an amplifier. These can have either single or double pickups.

The kopuz and the bağlama

The "kopuz", or "komuz", differs from the bağlama in that it has a leather-covered body, a fingerboard without frets, and two or three strings made of sheep gut, wolf gut, or horsehair. It is played by beating with the fingers, rather than by plucking with a plectrum.

The Turkish settlement of Anatolia from the late tenth century onward saw the introduction of a two-string Turkmen dutar, which was played in some areas of Turkey until recent times. According to the historian Hammer, metal strings were first used on a type of kopuz with a long fingerboard known as the "kolca kopuz" in 15th-century Anatolia. This marked the first step in the emergence of the çöğür (cogur), a transitional instrument between the kopuz and the bağlama. According to 17th-century writer Evliya Çelebi, the cogur was first made in the city of Kütahya in western Turkey. To take the strain of the metal strings, the leather body was replaced with wood, the fingerboard was lengthened, and frets were introduced. Instead of five hair strings, there were now twelve metal strings, arranged in four groups of three. Today, the cogur is smaller than a medium-size bağlama.

Meanwhile, the five-string kopuz is thought to have been transformed into the six-string instrument known as the sestar or seshane by 13th-century mystic Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi. The word "sestar" is also mentioned in the poems of the 14th-century poet Yunus Emre. Evliya Çelebi describes the kopuz as a smaller version of the seshane.

The word bağlama is first used in 18th-century texts. French traveler Jean Benjamin de Laborde, who visited Turkey during that century, recorded that "the bağlama or tambura is in form exactly like the cogur, but smaller." He was probably referring to the smallest of the bağlama family, the cura.

Bağlama (Saz) family

Note: Freq. (lower) is the frequency of the lower course; SB Length is the length of the sounding board; "sazı" is the genitive case of "saz".

Bağlama tunings

* Name Notes (lower, middle, upper) course
* Bağlama düzeni (La, Sol, Re) (A, G, D)
* Bozuk düzen, kara düzen (Sol, Re, La) (G, D, A)
* Misket düzeni (Fa#, Re, La) (F#, D, A)
* Fa müstezat düzeni (Fa, Re, La) (F, D, A)
* Abdal düzeni (La, La, Sol) (A, A, G)
* Zurna düzeni (Re, Re, La) (D, D, A)
* Do müstezat düzeni (Sol, Do, La) (G, C, A)

Notable performers

* Orhan Gencebay
* Çetin Akdeniz
* Engin Arslan
* Musa Eroğlu
* Muharrem Ertaş
* Neşet Ertaş
* Erdal Erzincan
* Hasret Gültekin
* Erol Mutlu
* Erol Parlak
* Arif Sağ
* Karl Sanders
* Haci Taşan
* Nida Tüfekçi
* Kemal Alaçayır
* Hasan Genç
* Ahmet Koç
* Fatih Doganer
* Fatih Kisaparmak
* Aşıq Abbas Tufarqanlı
* Aşıq Alı
* Aşıq Ələsgər
* Aşıq Pəri

See also

* Alevism
* Music of Turkey
* Kurdish music
* Komuz
* Dutar
* Dombra
* Greek bağlama
* Sallaneh (lute)
* Çiftelia
* Šargija
* Concerto for Bağlama

External links

* [http://www.turkuler.com/baglama/baglama.asp Baglama]
* [http://www.karalahana.com/english/archive/baglama.htm All about Turkish bağlama and pictures]
* [http://lahana.org/resimler/displayimage.php?pos=-310 Bağlama pictures]
* [http://www.baglamacilar.net www.baglamacilar.net]
* [http://www.eraydinsazevi.com.tr/saz.htm http://www.eraydinsazevi.com.tr]
* [http://www.gencliginturkusu.net Bağlama ve Nota Bilgileri]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • baglama — baglàma ž <G mn baglámā> DEFINICIJA 1. (ob. mn) reg. željezni nosač, spojnica kojom se vrata i prozori pričvršćuju za drvene okvire i pomoću kojih se otvaraju i zatvaraju; šarka, očeta, pant 2. glazb. vrsta tambure s tri žice 3. pren. reg.… …   Hrvatski jezični portal

  • Baglama — ist die Bezeichnung für die türkische Laute („Bağlama“), siehe Saz ein griechisches Saiteninstrument, siehe Baglamas Diese Seite ist eine Begriffsklärung zur Unterscheidung mehrerer mit demselben Wort bezeichneter Begriffe …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Bağlama — Baglama ist die Bezeichnung für ein Saiteninstrument, das in mehreren Ländern des Mittelmeerraums verwendet wird die türkische Laute („Bağlama“), siehe Saz Siehe auch: Baglamas, eine Miniaturversion des Bouzouki …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • baglàma — ž 〈G mn baglámā〉 1. {{001f}}〈ob. mn〉 reg. željezni nosač, spojnica kojom se vrata i prozori pričvršćuju za drvene okvire i pomoću kojih se otvaraju i zatvaraju; šarka, očeta, pant 2. {{001f}}glazb. vrsta tambure s tri žice 3. {{001f}}pren. reg.… …   Veliki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika

  • Baĝlama — Saz Pour les articles homonymes, voir SAZ. Sommaire 1 Lutherie 2 Jeu 3 Discographie …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bağlama — Saz Pour les articles homonymes, voir SAZ. Sommaire 1 Lutherie 2 Jeu 3 Discographie …   Wikipédia en Français

  • bağlama — I (Tovuz) qapı və ya pəncərəni arxa tərəfdən bağlamaq üçün taxta parçası II (Kürdəmir) 1. balqabaqdan hazırlanan xörək adı. – Ci:m bağlama bişirmişdi 2. qozdan hazırlanan xörək adı III (Culfa) yastıq. – Milax kəndində yasdığa de:llər bağlama IV… …   Azərbaycan dilinin dialektoloji lüğəti

  • bağlama — is. 1) Bağlamak işi 2) Üç çift telli olan ve mızrapla çalınan bir saz 3) Yapılarda duvarları birbirine bağlayan kiriş, putrel vb Birleşik Sözler bağlama hattı bağlama zarf fiili kemer bağlama kuşak bağlama …   Çağatay Osmanlı Sözlük

  • Baglama — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Le baglama est un instrument de musique. Il existe : le baglama (grec) le bağlama (turc) Catégorie : Homonymie …   Wikipédia en Français

  • bağlama — is. 1. «Bağlamaq»dan f. is. 2. İçi dolu və ağzı bağlı kisə; çuval və s. Nigarançılığım bir az da artdı, özümü itirdim. Bağlamanın kəndirini dartıb qırdım. M. C.. Nəhayət, <müəllimə> qazıdığı quyudan bir böyük bağlama çıxartdı. Ə. M.. //… …   Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”