Södermanland

Södermanland
Coat of arms
Country	Sweden
Land	Svealand
Counties	Södermanland County Stockholm County Västmanland County Östergötland County
Area
– Total	8,169 km2 (3,154.1 sq mi)
Population (2009)[1]
– Total	1,193,583
– Density	146.1/km2 (378.4/sq mi)
Ethnicity
– Languages	Svealand Swedish Gnällbältet Stockholmska
Culture
– Flower	White water lily
– Animal	Osprey
– Bird	—
– Fish	Bream
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
– Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal codes

 Södermanland (help·info), sometimes referred to under its Latin form Sudermannia or Sudermania, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Östergötland, Närke, Västmanland and Uppland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic sea.

In Swedish, the province name is frequently shortened to Sörmland.

Södermanland means "Southern man land". It was used as a directional reference to lake Mälaren, compared to Uppland (north) and Västmanland (west).

Administration

The traditional provinces of Sweden serve no administrative or political purposes, but are historical and cultural entities. There is a corresponding administrative Södermanland County. However, the bulk of the population is within Stockholm County

Heraldry

The coat of arms was granted in 1560. The arms is represented with a ducal coronet. Blazon: "Or, a Griffin rampant Sable beaked, langued, membered and armed Gules." The same CoA was granted for the county in 1940.

Geography

Landscape in Södermanland.

Södermanland is situated between lake Mälaren to the north and the Baltic Sea to the south and east. In the south, the border to Östergötland is comprised by the Kolmården forest.

The terrain is flat, with its highest altitude being Skogsbyås at 124 meters elevation. The terrain largely consists of water filled hollows covered with woods on the heights.

There are three major water regions. One in the west, where lake Hjälmaren drains into Mälaren. There is a second water region on Södertörn, which is rather small in size and has no larger lakes: Bornsjön 6.5 km², Orlången 2.5 km², Magelungen 2.9 km². The third is to the south towards Kolmården.

Stockholm: It’s notable that both the city of Stockholm (capital of Sweden) and Stockholm County is divided in the middle between Södermanland (southern part) and Uppland (northern part).

• National parks: Tyresta

Population

The population of Södermanland is 1,193,583 as of December 31, 2009. It distributes over three counties as follows:^[1]

County	Population
part of Stockholm County	917,944
part of Södermanland County	268,987
part of Västmanland County	6,652

Södermanland is with its 146 inhabitants/km² the most densely populated of the provinces; a great part of Stockholm urban area being situated within its limits.

History

Södermanland is one of the ancient Swedish provinces. People probably settled there in the early Stone Age, from which time the earliest remains date. There are a total of 96,000 known ancient remains such as grave fields, coins, knives, etc. There are prominent finds especially from the Younger Stone Age, but also a substantial amount from the Nordic Bronze Age. From the older Iron Age, before 0 AD, the finds are however more sparse. Then from the 5th and 6th century the finds are again plenty, now of gold. In 1774, a treasure of 12 kilograms of gold from that time was found on a farm in Tureholm.

From the Viking Age 300 runestones remain, second only to Uppland in quantity. The oldest, which is dated from the late 6th century, is the Skåäng Runestone.

The earliest recorded history is generally of the legendary kind. Before the 7th century it is deemed to have been governed by petty kingdoms. This period ended when Ingjald the Ill-Ruler allegedly had a number of local rulers arsoned around 640.

The oldest city with the historical city status in Södermanland was Södertälje, a privilege granted around 1000. Nyköping received the privilege in 1187. In the 13th century, Stockholm was granted the privilege; in the 14th century followed by Strängnäs, Torshälla and Trosa.

Around 1100, Strängnäs became the episcopal seat with a bishop and cathedral. It was for a long time the only diocese of the province. In 1942 the Diocese of Stockholm was established, claiming parts of the Strängnäs territory.

The first affirmative records date from the 13th century. King Magnus Ladulås was given the province in 1266, and settled himself on the manor at Nyköping. Nyköping became one of the most important cities in Sweden. In 1317, Nyköping become the location of the infamous Nyköping Banquet where King Birger had both his brothers murdered to take possession of the crown and avenge earlier wrong-deeds.

In 1523 the King Gustav Vasa, referred to as the Sweden's father of the nation, was crowned in Strängnäs. The date, June 6, eventually is commemorated as the national holiday. Karl IX, a son of Gustav Vasa, favoured the province, fortifying castles and establishing early industries.

Dukes and Duchesses of Södermanland

See also: Duchies in Sweden

• Prince Magnus (as of 1252; King from 1275)
• Prince Eric (1302-1310 – also Dalsland, North Halland, Värmland and West Gothland)
• Prince Carl (as of 1560; King from1604 – also Närke and Värmland)
  • Princess Maria, his first wife (1579-1589 – also Närke and Värmland)
  • Princess Christina, his second wife and widow (as of 1592; Queen from 1604 – also Närke and Värmland)
• Crown Prince Gustav Adolph (1604-1607 – also Västmanland)
• Prince Carl Philip (1607-1618 – also Närke and Värmland)
• Prince Carl (as of 1772; King from 1809)
  • Princess Charlotte, his wife and widow (as of 1774; Queen from 1809)
• Crown Prince Oscar (as of 1811; King from 1844)
  • Crown Princess Josephine, his wife and widow (as of 1823; Queen from 1844)
• Prince Carl Oscar (1852–1854)
• Prince Wilhelm (1884–1965)
  • Princess Maria, his wife (1909 until divorce 1914)

Culture

The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and medieval churches, runestones and gravefields are plenty around the countryside.

Of buildings, the arguably most impressive is the castle of Gripsholm. Nearby is the Gripsholm Runestone, a typical Viking Runestone, commemorating an earlier Viking expedition.

The cemetery Skogskyrkogården in southern Stockholm is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Sub-divisions

Södermanland was historically divided into chartered cities and into hundreds.

Cities (year city rights were granted)

• Eskilstuna (1659)
• Flen (1949)
• Katrineholm (1917)
• Mariefred (1605)
• Nacka (1949)
• Nyköping (1187)
• Nynäshamn (1946)
• Oxelösund (1950)
• Stockholm (1250)
• Strängnäs (1336)
• Södertälje (approximately 1000)
• Torshälla (1317)
• Trosa (approximately 1300)

Hundreds

Asker Hundred Daga Hundred Hölebo Hundred Jönåker Hundred Oppunda Hundred Rönö Hundred Selebo Hundred Sotholm Hundred

Svartlösa Hundred Villåttinge Hundred Västerrekarne Hundred Åkerbo Hundred Åker Hundred Öknebo Hundred Österrekarne Hundred

Sports

Football in the province is administered by Södermanlands Fotbollförbund.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Statistics Sweden

Coordinates: 59°15′N 16°40′E / 59.25°N 16.667°E / 59.25; 16.667