Niger Delta red colobus

Niger Delta red colobus
Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Cercopithecidae
Genus:	Procolobus
Subgenus:	Piliocolobus
Species:	P. epieni
Binomial name
Procolobus epieni (Grubb and Powell, 1999)

The Niger Delta red colobus (Procolobus epieni) is a species of colobus monkey. From the time it first became known to science in 1993 until 2007 or 2008 it was considered a subspecies of the western red colobus, Procolobus badius and more recently Pennant's colobus, Procolobus pennantii, and its trinomial name was Procolobus badius epieni or Procolobus pennantii epieni.^[1][2] Colin Groves recognized the Niger Delta red colobus as a full species in 2007, although Groves considered all the red colobus monkeys, including the Niger Delta red colobus to be in the genus Piliocolobus, rather than Procolobus.^[3] However, other authors consider Piliocolobus to be a subgenus of Procolobus.

The Niger Delta red colobus is black on top from the head to the rump, becoming orange-brown on the sides and outer legs. The undersides and inner legs, and most of the arms are white. The hands and feet are black. The tail is red-brown on top and chestnut or maroon below, becoming darker towards the tip. It has white whiskers.^[2][3]

The Niger Delta red colobus is found only in the western part of the Niger Delta.^[3] It is restricted to marsh forest, that is, forest with a high water table year round but no significant flooding.^[2] It shares this habitat with several other primate species, including the Nigerian white-throated guenon (Cercopithecus erythrogaster pococki), the red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), the putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans), the mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona), and maybe also the olive colobus (Procolobus verus).^[2]

When it was first discovered, the Niger Delta red colobus was locally common but under some pressure from deforestation, especially logging of Hallea ledermannii, which is an important food tree for the monkey.^[2] Since then, pressure from bushmeat hunting and logging has increased.^[2] Red colobus monkeys generally appear to be particularly sensitive to hunting and habitat disturbance, hence concerns that the species may be on the verge of extinction.^[2]

The Niger Delta red colobus was still found in the Edumanom Forest Reserve in 2008.^[4] However, as of 2008, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers they were critically endangered, due a reduction in population of more than 80% over the past 30 years, due largely to hunting and habitat loss.^[1] In 2010, the Niger Delta red colobus was included in the list of The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates, published by the IUCN and other organizations.^[2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Oates, J. F. & Struhsaker, T. (2008). Procolobus pennantii ssp. epieni. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 6 August 2010.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Mittermeier, R.A.; Wallis, J.; Rylands, A.B. et al., eds (2009) (PDF). Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010. Illustrated by S.D. Nash. Arlington, VA.: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI). pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-1-934151-34-1. http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/Primates.in.Peril.2008-2010.pdf. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} Groves, C. (2007). "The taxonomic diversity of the Colobinae of Africa". Journal of Anthropological Sciences 85: 7–34. http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/Colobus%20JASs%2007.pdf. 
4. ^ "NIGERIA BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY ASSESSMENT". USAID. June 2008. p. 76. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN536.pdf. Retrieved 2010-09-18.