Black Snub-nosed Monkey

Taxobox
name = Black Snub-nosed MonkeyMSW3 Groves | pages = 173|id=12100687]
status = EN
status_system = iucn3.1
status_ref = IUCN2006 | assessors = Eudey, A. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group | year = 2000 | id = 19597 | title = Rhinopithecus bieti | downloaded = 2007-07-29]
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo = Primates
familia = Cercopithecidae
genus = "Rhinopithecus"
species = "R. bieti"
binomial = "Rhinopithecus bieti"
binomial_authority = (Milne-Edwards, 1897)

The Black Snub-nosed Monkey ("Rhinopithecus bieti"), also known as the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey, is an endangered species of primate in the Cercopithecidae family. It is endemic to China, where it is known to the locals as the Yunnan Golden Hair Monkey (滇金丝猴) and the Black Golden Hair Monkey (黑金丝猴).fact|date=May 2008 It is threatened by habitat loss.

The Black Snub-nosed Monkey is a large, stocky and well-furred primate belonging to the leaf-monkey Colobinae subfamily. Despite its morphological distinctiveness and noteworthy biology this is one of the lesser known primate species. In recent years, however, knowledge about the behavior and ecology of the Black Snub-nosed Monkey has grown. Lack of information is mainly a result of difficult research conditions due to the monkey's semi-nomadic lifestyle, elusive nature and inhospitable habitat with extremely steep hillsides, impenetrable bamboo thickets, freezing winter climate with snow as well as damp and foggy summers with minimum visibility.

This species has a highly restricted distribution in the biodiversity hotspot of the Hengduan Mountains which borders the Himalaya range. The actual distribution range is limited to the Yun Ridge (云岭) portion of the Hengduan Mountains.cite journal | author = Long, Y. C., Kirkpatrick, R. C., Zhong, T., and Xiao, L. | year = 1994 | title = Report on the distribution, population, and ecology of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) | journal = Primates | volume = 35 | pages = 241–250 | doi = 10.1007/BF02382060] Only 17 groups with a total population of less than 1,700 animals have survived in northwest Yunnan and neighboring regions in the Autonomous Prefecture of Tibet. Group size is small, typically only 20 to 60; groups of over 100 have never been observed. The territory of each group varies from 20 to 135 square km.cite journal | author = Long, Y., and Wu, R. | year = 2006 | title = Population, home range, conservation status of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) | journal = Abstracts of the China Fusui International Primatological Symposium | pages = pp. 10–11] The Black Snub-nosed Monkey was almost completely unknown until the 1990s. The fact that no single zoo outside China has ever kept the Black Snub-nosed Monkey in captivity has contributed to the enigmatic status of this species. Several recent studies have come up with extraordinary discoveries regarding its natural history. The Black Snub-nosed Monkey lives in one of the most extreme environments of any nonhuman primate. Its habitat is either pure temperate coniferous forest or deciduous/evergreen broadleaf and coniferous forest.cite journal | author = Ding, W., and Zhao, Q. | year = 2004 | title = Rhinopithecus bieti at Tacheng, Yunnan: diet and daytime activities | journal = International Journal of Primatology | volume = 25 | pages = 583–598 | doi = 10.1023/B:IJOP.0000023576.60883.e5] The highest recorded altitude of a group of this species is 4700 m. The Black Snub-nosed Monkey lives in very large super-groups which are made up of single-male core families or harems. [cite journal | author = Grüter, C. C., and Zinner, D. | year = 2004 | title = Nested societies. Convergent adaptations in snub-nosed monkeys and baboons? | journal = Prim. Rep. | volume = 70 | pages = 1–98] The monkey moves fast and far in a cohesive group and covers vast areas in search of lichens and other seasonally available food items. The reproduction cycles of black snob-nosed monkey is generally similar to that of Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys, except the time of birth is often two to three months later due to colder climate. [cite journal | author = Kirkpatrick, R. C., Long, Y. C., Zhong, T., and Xiao, L. | year = 1998 | title = Social organization and range use in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti | journal = International Journal of Primatology | volume = 19 | pages = 13–51 | doi = 10.1023/A:1020302809584] The average size of adult male Black Snub-nosed Monkey is between 74 - 83 cm, excluding the tail, which averages 51 - 72 cm.fact|date=May 2008 Females are smaller than males.fact|date=May 2008

References

External links

* ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Rhinopithecus_bieti/ images and movies of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey "(Rhinopithecus bieti)"]