- Neo Gōmanism Manifesto Special
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This article is about the controversial manga series. For the treatise on military strategy, see On War.
Neo Gōmanism Manifesto Special - On War 新・ゴーマニズム宣言SPECIAL 戦争論
(Shin Gōmanism Sengen Supesharu - Sensō Ron)Manga Written by Yoshinori Kobayashi Published by Gentosha Magazine SAPIO Original run September 1995 – 2003 Volumes 3 Neo Gōmanism Manifesto Special - On War (新・ゴーマニズム宣言SPECIAL 戦争論 Shin Gōmanism Sengen Supesharu - Sensō Ron) is a controversial series of manga written by right-wing Japanese manga artist Yoshinori Kobayashi. It was published in a series of three volumes by Gentosha as a supplement (hence the "Special" title) to the Neo Gōmanism (新・ゴーマニズム宣言 Shin Gōmanism Sengen) series serialized in SAPIO magazine from September 1995 onwards. There are currently no plans to translate these books into English or any other languages. The series has been criticized by numerous people and groups for "rewriting history", including intellectuals Satoshi Uesugi, Shinji Miyadai and Takaaki Yoshimoto, The Academy of Outrageous Books, and extending even to the overseas media in newspapers such as The New York Times and Le Monde. A verbal dispute over the manga's contents with Sōichirō Tahara has been published in a book called The On War War (戦争論争戦 Sensō Ron Sōsen).
Besides the ideological criticism, the books have also been found to contain historical errors, clear manipulation of evidence, and illogical arguments. For example, the manga states that "The lands of Manchuria did not belong to the present-day Chinese people", although it did not belong to the Japanese either. Also, the manga claims that only Japan remained independent while East Asia was colonized by the West (with a map showing all of Asia, including East, South and South-East Asia), but the independent nation of Siam and the Japanese colonies of Korea and Taiwan are ignored. Another important point is that the manga was mainly intended to agitate young readers with little to no previous historical knowledge of the issue.
The book may have been named after Carl von Clausewitz' On War (as both share the Japanese name Sensō Ron), but otherwise has no relation to it.
Contents
Content of the books
Except from Volume 1. Translation: "The Japanese forces who taught them [Western colonial powers] a lesson deserve applause [from colonized countries]!"- Volume 1 (published 1998-07-10, ISBN 4-87728-243-2)
Adopts the author's revisionist perspective of the Pacific War. It was published in the context of a fierce dispute between conservatives and leftists over comfort women, the Nanking Massacre, and Japanese history textbooks. At the time, Kobayashi was also one of the coordinators of the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform, and he also had the intent to write Volume 1 to assist revisionist textbooks published by the Society.
Another subject raised in this book is the argument that Japanese ideals up until the Pacific War have since ceased to exist among modern Japanese. In order to negate extreme prewar nationalism and militarism, he argues that post-war Japanese have only been able to recognize the Pacific War in a negative light, and strongly asserts the brave exploits of Japan's patriotic soldiers, and how Japan fought for the liberation of Asia (see Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere).
- Volume 2 (Sensō Ron 2) (published October 2001, ISBN 4-344-00131-1)
Volume 2 was strongly influenced by the September 11, 2001 attacks which had happened only the previous month. Kobayashi makes the inflammatory comment concerning al-Qaeda's terrorism, "Was it really an act of terrorism?", and describes the War on Terror as a confrontation between the terrorists and the economic strength, military force and egotism of a nation (namely the US), and emphasises the importance of the ideals and moral principles of war, before linking this again to an affirmation of the Pacific War.
Although this is more of a digression from the main course of the book, he links the 1995 Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway with the 9/11 suicide attacks, and repeats the (not unusual) opinions of military affairs critics of how the formation of terrorist organisations was possibly a result of the ending of the Cold War.
- Volume 3 (Sensō Ron 3) (published July 2003, ISBN 4-344-00356-X)
The conclusive volume of the series, with a recap of the contents of 1 and 2, which while adding new opinions on the ideals and moral principles of war, also repeats the arguments of the previous volumes, reconsiders the affirmative viewpoint of the Pacific War, criticises the US military's actions in the Iraq War as tyrannical, and also attacks the blind obedience in the modern Japanese people's pro-American attitude.
Chapter list
- Volume 1
- People Who Think Peace Comes Without a Price (平和をサービスと思う個人, Heiwa o Sābisu to Omou Kojin)
- Bland Generalizations (in the national dialogue on Japanese history) that Simply Go With the Flow (空気に逆らえぬだけの個のない論調, Kūki ni Sakaraenu Dake no Ko no Nai Chōron)
- An Explanation for Young People about Japan's Big Ol' War (若者のためにスケールのデカい日本の戦争の説明, Wakamono no tame ni Sukēru no Dekai Nihon no Sensō no Setsumei)
- The Individualism of People Brainwashed by (currently accepted views on) the Tokyo Trial (東京裁判洗脳されっ子の個人主義, Tōkyō Saiban Sennō-sarekko no Kojin-shugi)
- Snow Falls on an Island in the South (南の島に雪が降る, Minami no Shima ni Yuki ga Furu)
- The Birth of the Ethical Individual (倫理ある個の芽生え, Rinri aru Ko no Mebae)
- The Spirit of the Japanese Special Attack Units (so-called "Kamikazes") (特攻精神, Tokkō Seishin)
Books written about On War
- Yoshinori Kobayashi and Sōichirō Tahara, The On War War (戦争論争戦 Sensō Ron Sōsen), ISBN 4-344-40092-5
- Satoshi Uesugi, Debunking the Gōmanism Manifesto (脱ゴーマニズム宣言 Datsu Gōmanism Sengen), ISBN 4-88591-543-0
- Shinji Miyadai, A Real Argument on the Nation (リアル国家論 Riaru Kokka Ron), ISBN 4-87652-390-8
- Takaaki Yoshimoto, Surpassing "On War" (超・戦争論 Chō-Sensō Ron), Part 1: ISBN 4-7762-0010-4, Part 2: ISBN 4-7762-0011-2
- Michiaki Asaba, Nationalism - A Guide to the Japanese Nationalist Ideals in a Famous Book (ナショナリズム-名著でたどる日本思想案内 Nashonarizumu - Meicho de Tadoru Nihon-shisō Annai), ISBN 4-480-06173-8
See also
- Greater East Asia War (Pacific War)
- Anti-Americanism
- Anti-Japanese sentiment
- Japanophile
- Yasukuni Shrine
- Historical revisionism
- Manga Kenkanryu
- Shogakukan
- Asahi Shimbun
- Sankei Shimbun
External links
- (Japanese) Anti Gōmanism Manifesto (Japanese website counterarguing arguments presented in the Gōmanism series)
- A cartoonist rewrites Japanese history - Le Monde diplomatique, 2001
- Cleansing History, Cleansing Japan: Kobayashi Yoshinori’s Analects of War and Japan’s Revisionist Revival - Rebecca Clifford
- The Extreme right party in Japan - Mangaka KOBAYASHI Yoshinori; Youngrok LEE's Comics Page
- (Japanese) Group Who Enjoys the Judgment of Debunking the Gōmanism Manifesto
- Japan File: Revisionist manga by Kobayashi Yoshinori
- Japan's Resurgent Far Right Tinkers With History - New York Times, 2001
- Scanlation project by Jun Fujita
- More translated excerpts
- Rumi SAKAMOTO: “Will you go to war? Or will you stop being Japanese?” Nationalism and History in Kobayashi Yoshinori’s Sensoron
Categories:- Manga series
- Nationalism
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