- Fort Lee Historic Park
-
Street entrance
1781 map of the North or Hudson's River showing fort's locationFort Lee Historic Park is located atop a bluff of the Hudson Palisades overlooking Burdett's Landing known as Mount Constitution.[1] in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Native Americans appear to have lived in the area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans.[2] Site of George Washington's 1776 encampment opposite Fort Washington at the northern end of Manhattan.[3] Fort Lee is named for General Charles Lee. The site is a reconstruction of the encampment including the blockhouse, battery, quarters as well as a visitors center. It is adjacent to Palisades Interstate Park.
Contents
Revolutionary War period
Further information: Battle of Fort Washington and New Jersey during the American RevolutionGeneral George Washington issued orders to General Mercer to summon all available troops and erect a fort on the west side of the Hudson River. Construction commenced in July 1776 [4] on the new fort, to be called Fort Constitution.[1] It was located on the western side of the road that led up the hill from the landing. Concurrently, Fort Washington was being built almost directly across the North River (Hudson River) in New York.[5] At first efforts were concentrated close to the water level near Burdett's Landing.[5] Later, fortifications were added atop the bluff under the supervision of Joseph Philips, Battalion Commander of the New Jersey State Militia.[1] The Bourdette's ferry service was taken over by the Army,[6] and Peter Bourdette was forced to vacate his house; although as a patriot he considered it no sacrifice and offered the work of his slaves to General Mercer's construction efforts.[5] At the end of September 1776, Fort Constitution was renamed Fort Lee, for General Charles Lee of the Continental Army.[1] George Washington used the stone Bourdette house for his headquarters when he passed time at Fort Lee.[1] At this stage of the war the ferry operated as a supply line and the only link between Forts Lee and Washington.[7][5]
Peter Bourdette's sixteen year-old son, also named Peter, provided assistance by direct use of the landing. During the week leading up to the evacuation of Fort Lee[5] he rowed back and forth across the river gathering information for General Washington on the anticipated movements of the British forces.[8] Well after dark on the night before the battle for New York at Fort Washington, George Washington was rowed from Burdett's Landing to the middle of the Hudson River for a strategy session with his senior officers in charge of New York, who rowed to meet him.[6][9] On November 16, 1776 George Washington witnessed the battle for New York from across the river on the bluff of Fort Lee, above Burdett's Landing.[10]
Fort Lee was rendered defenseless after Continental Army troops holding Fort Washington were defeated and captured on November 16, 1776. The Royal Navy controlled the Hudson River, and General William Howe ordered Charles Cornwallis to lead troops across the river into New Jersey. George Washington and Nathanael Greene ordered the evacuation of the fort on November 19, 1776, when 5,000 British troops ferried up the Hudson on barges and began landing near New Dock Landing (present-day Alpine)[11]. Washington quickly alerted the soldiers at Fort Lee, beginning a hasty retreat west, crossing the Hackensack River at New Bridge Landing. It was during Washington's retreat (beginning along a road which is now Main Street)[12] that Thomas Paine composed his pamphlet, "The American Crisis", which began with the recognized phrase, "These are the times that try men's souls".[13]
Fort Lee Museum and Monument Park
Monument Park was built by the Daughters of the American Revolution and dedicated in 1908 at ceremony attended by General John "Black Jack" Pershing. The park was part of the original Fort Constitution of the Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. Over 2,600 troops were stationed in and around the Monument Park area. In 2004, the park was reconstructed for the Fort Lee Centennial Celebration. A time capsule was placed at the foot of the monument, to be opened at the Bicentennial Celebration in the year 2104. Monument Park and Continental Army Plaza in Williamsburg, Brooklyn are the only parks in the United States dedicated to the soldiers of the American Revolution.[14] [15][16][17]
See also
History of
New Jersey
Colonial period American Revolution Nineteenth century Twentieth Century Twenty-first Century - New Bridge Landing
- Palisades Interstate Park
References
- ^ a b c d e "Revolution: Pre-Revolution". http://www.fortlee.com/htm/history/revolution.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
- ^ Winson, Terrie (March, 2002). "Lenni Lenape". http://www.anthro4n6.net/lenape/. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
- ^ Adams, Hudson River Guidebook, p. 106
- ^ "Wars and Battles, November 20, 1776". http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1288.html. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
- ^ a b c d e Hoy, Carla. "History and Profile, Fort Lee Historical Highlights". http://www.fortleenj.org/. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
- ^ a b Renner, James (October 2003). "Burdett's Ferry". http://www.washington-heights.us/history/archives/burdetts_ferry_105.html. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
- ^ Adams, Arthur G. (1996). The Hudson River Guidebook. Fordham University Press. pp. 103, 104. ISBN ISBN 0823216799, 9780823216796.
- ^ Van Walen, James M. (1900). History of Bergen County, New Jersey. New Jersey Publishing and Engraving Co. p. 499.
- ^ Cheslow, Jerry (July 30, 1995). "If You're Thinking of Living In: Edgewater; Factory Town Is Now Bedroom Community". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE4D61338F933A05754C0A963958260. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ^ Adams, Hudson River Guidebook, p. 105
- ^ Karels, Carol (2007). Bergen County in the American Revolution. South Carolina: History Press. pp. 127. ISBN 978-1-59629-3588. http://books.google.nl/books?id=Qq401Z0BEckC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=New+Dock+Landing&source=bl&ots=Sv9bVTyn89&sig=1Fo4Y4vZj_OgUROYbtz5s19nHA8&hl=nl&ei=PWmnTKi3DYWhOq_7gb0M&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=New%20Dock%20Landing&f=false.
- ^ The British Invasion & Washington's Retreat – Nov 20-21, 1776 jpg map of Bergen County.
- ^ http://history.rays-place.com/nj/hackensack.htm
- ^ fort lee Monument Park
- ^ Fort Lee Museum
- ^ Thomas Paine marker
- ^ Fort Lee Monument Park
External links
1776 
1777 1778 1779 1780 1783 Categories:- New Jersey in the American Revolution
- 1776 in the United States
- Museums in Bergen County, New Jersey
- Fort Lee, New Jersey
- American Revolutionary War forts
- Forts in New Jersey
- Monuments and memorials in New Jersey
- Colonial forts in New Jersey
- Parks in Bergen County, New Jersey
- American Revolutionary War museums in New Jersey
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