Mark Fulton (loyalist)

Mark Fulton
Mark "Swinger" Fulton
Born	1961 Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland
Died	10 June 2002 Maghaberry Prison, Northern Ireland, UK
Cause of death	Apparent suicide by hanging
Resting place	Kernan Cemetery, Portadown
Nationality	British
Other names	"Swinger"
Known for	Leader of Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) (1997–2002), Ulster Volunteer Force member
Religion	Free Presbyterian
Spouse	Louise Fulton; two children
Parents	Jim and Sylvia (née Prentice) Fulton

Mark "Swinger" Fulton (1961 – 10 June 2002) was a Northern Irish loyalist. He was the leader of the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF), having taken over its command following the killing of the paramilitary organisation's founder, Billy Wright, in the Maze Prison in 1997 by members of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA).

Fulton was alleged by journalist Susan McKay to have carried out a dozen sectarian killings in the 1990s. He also allegedly organised the killing of a Catholic lawyer, Rosemary Nelson, in 1999 while he was out of prison on compassionate leave. In 2002, he was found hanged in his cell at Maghaberry Prison, an apparent suicide. He was awaiting trial having been charged with conspiracy to murder a man from a rival loyalist paramilitary organisation. At the time of his death, Fulton was married with two children.^[1]

Early years

Mark Fulton was born in Portadown, County Armagh in 1961, , one of the children of Jim "Swinger" Fulton, a former British soldier who worked as a window cleaner. His mother, Sylvia Prentice, came from a family of wealthy car dealers. Fulton grew up in the working-class Killycomain area. A childhood friend described Fulton as "a lovely, sweet wee boy".^[1] Following the outbreak of the Troubles in the late 1960s, Fulton's father became a member of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA). According to journalist Susan McKay, senior Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) members Robin "the Jackal" Jackson and Harris Boyle were frequent visitors to the Fulton home in the early 1970s.^[1] Jackson, one of the alleged leaders of the gang which carried out the 1974 Dublin car bombings, became the commander of the UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade in July 1975. Four days later, Boyle was blown up after placing a bomb on the Miami Showband's minibus after the band was stopped at a bogus checkpoint by UVF gunmen. Jackson was also implicated in the attack.

Ulster Volunteer Force

Fulton left school early and promptly joined the Mid-Ulster UVF, being sworn in as a 15 year old.^[2] According to Sean McPhilemy, Fulton's early activity included being part of the UVF gang that opened fire on a Craigavon mobile sweetshop on 28 March 1991, killing two teenaged girls and one man. The victims were all Catholic, and the attack was allegedly planned by Robin Jackson.^[3] In the early 1990s, Billy Wright, also of Portadown, took over command of the UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade from Jackson. The Mid-Ulster Brigade, founded in 1972 by its first commander, Billy Hanna, operated mainly in the Lurgan and Portadown areas. Fulton soon became Wright's closest associate and right-hand man. Fulton idolised the charismatic Wright and had an "extreme fixation and obsession over him";^[4] he even had an image of Wright tattooed over his heart.^[1]

Fulton was alleged to have perpetrated twelve sectarian killings in the 1990s, and reportedly was implicated in many other attacks. His victims were often questioned about their religion prior to their killings, and sometimes they were killed in front of their families.^[1] He was very violent and had a quick temper. Wright was the only person who was able to control him. An RUC detective who knew both of them said that whenever they were stopped by the police in the 1990s, Wright was "coolness personified", while Fulton would rage, shout and make threats.^[1]

Fulton was a follower of the Reverend Ian Paisley and a member of his Free Presbyterian church.^[1] In appearance Fulton was heavily tattooed and was known for his habit of always wearing a waistcoat.^[5]

The Mid-Ulster Brigade called themselves the "Brat Pack", which journalist Martin O'Hagan of the Sunday World altered to "Rat Pack".^[6] After the nickname of "King Rat" was given to Wright by local Ulster Defence Association (UDA) commander Robert John Kerr as a form of pub bantering, O'Hagan took to describing Wright by that term. This soubriquet was thereafter used by the media much to Wright's fury. This led him to issue threats against O'Hagan and all journalists who worked for the newspaper.^[6] The unit initially welcomed the Combined Loyalist Military Command ceasefire in October 1994;^[7] however, things were to change drastically over the next few years.

Loyalist Volunteer Force

Following the order given in August 1996 by the UVF's Brigade Staff (Belfast leadership) for Wright and the Portadown unit of the Mid-Ulster Brigade to stand down, Fulton remained loyal to Wright and defied the order.^[2] This came after the Mid-Ulster UVF's killing of a Catholic taxi driver, Michael McGoldrick, while the UVF were on ceasefire. Fulton was close to Alex Kerr, the sometime South Befast brigadier of the Ulster Defence Association who had become an ally of Wright during the Drumcree conflict and had been expelled by the UDA at the same time Wright was removed from the UVF. After Wright defied a UVF order to leave Northern Ireland, he formed the breakaway Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF), taking the members of the officially-disbanded Portadown unit with him, including Fulton. Fulton acted as an adviser to Kerr during the emergence of the (LVF) as a separate group and told both Kerr and Wright that the LVF should seek a closer relationship with the UDA in order to more fully oppose the UVF.^[8]

Fulton, as Wright's deputy, assumed effective control of the LVF when Wright was sent to the Maze Prison in March 1997, and his relationship with Kerr, who had relocated to the LVF's Portadown stronghold, soon ended. Fulton, who continued to advocate a closer alliance with the UDA, reasoned that the group would be more prepared to co-operate with the LVF if their dissident former brigadier was not involved and so before long Fulton and his cousin Gary, also a leading LVF member, began to threaten Kerr, resulting in the Kerr family fleeing to England.^[9] Not long after this, on 13 May, Fulton was said by McPhilemy to have been responsible for the abduction and murder of 61 year-old civil servant and GAA official Séan Brown, who was kidnapped in Bellaghy before being murdered in Randalstown.^[10]

When Wright was shot dead by the INLA in December 1997, in a prison van while being taken to the Maze's visitor block, Fulton assumed control of the LVF. In the immediate aftermath he attempted to minimise local violence as youths sympathetic to Wright amassed on Portadown's loyalist estates preparing to riot in protest at the killing of their leader and local hero.^[11] Unlike Wright, Fulton had always been on good personal terms with UDA chief Johnny Adair as the two had socialised together on and off since the early 1990s.^[5] The alliance was sealed soon afterwards when Mark and Gary Fulton arrived at the Maze prison to ostensibly to visit a friend but instead sat at Adair's table in the visiting room.^[12] Fulton, despite his friendship with Adair, was deeply affected by Wright's death. He reportedly spent many nights alone by his grave.^[4]

The LVF published a magazine called Leading the Way. The special 1998 edition, commemorating Billy Wright, was edited by and written almost exclusively by Fulton. In an article, "Have Faith", he advised loyalists to refuse the notion of extending the hand of friendship to "those who are genetically violent, inherent in the Catholic Church, a church as sly as a fox and vicious as a tiger". He cited historic examples of persecution of Protestants by Catholics to back up his ideas.^[1] In May 1998, the LVF called a ceasefire. It was accepted by the Northern Ireland Office the following November.

Rosemary Nelson killing

Fulton was arrested in 1998 after shooting at an off-duty soldier in Portadown. He was heavily intoxicated at the time and sentenced to four years imprisonment. While he was out on compassionate leave in early 1999, he allegedly organised the killing of Catholic human rights lawyer Rosemary Nelson.^[1] During the Drumcree standoff, Nelson had represented the Catholic residents at Portadown who opposed the Orange Order's march through the predominately nationalist Garvaghy area. She was blown up by a car bomb on 15 March 1999 outside her home in Lurgan. The bomb was allegedly made by a man from the Belfast UDA but planted by Fulton's associates acting on his orders.^[1] Colin Port, the deputy chief of the Norfolk police who headed the investigation into her death, said "without question" Fulton was the person who had masterminded her killing. ^[4] Although he was back in prison at the time, he was excited when he heard the news of her death on the radio.^[1] He was linked to the killing by police informers and not forensics. It was also revealed that prior to his own death, Wright had threatened to kill Nelson in the belief that she had defended IRA killers.^[4] Fulton was released from prison in April 2001.

Death

On 10 June 2002 Fulton, who was being held on remand in HMP Maghaberry since December 2001, was found dead in his prison cell with a leather belt around his neck. Fulton was found on his bed rather than hanging from the ceiling leading to speculation that he has death had been accidentally caused by autoerotic asphyxiation.^[13] Friends however claimed that Fulton had expressed suicidal thoughts due to both his failure to recover from his close friend Wright's death as well as fears he had that he was suffering from stomach cancer.^[13] Indeed some reports even suggested that his unstable mental state had seen him stood down several weeks before his death, with the LVF's power base transferred to Belfast.^[13] He was also afraid that rival loyalist inmates wished to kill him inside the prison.^[4]

At the time of his death, Fulton had been awaiting trial, having been charged with conspiracy to murder Rodney Jennett, a member of a rival loyalist paramilitary organisation, in connection with an ongoing feud. He was married and the father of two children.

He was interred in Kernan Cemetery in Portadown. Among the tributes to Fulton that were placed in the Belfast Telegraph was one which described Fulton as "Never selfish/Always kind".^[1] His successor in the LVF was Catholic-born loyalist Robin "Billy" King

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} "Blood brothers' love consummated in death". Irish Tribune. Susan McKay. 16 June 2002
2. ^ ^{a b} Chris Anderson, Billy Boy: The Life and Death of LVF Leader Billy Wright, Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2007, p. 61
3. ^ Sean McPhilemy, The Committee - Political Assassination in Northern Ireland, Boulder CO: Roberts Rhinehart, 1998, p. 419
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Killer of Rosemary Nelson; Mark Fulton is revealed as". Sunday Herald. Neil MacKay. 16 June 2002
5. ^ ^{a b} David Lister & Hugh Jordan, Mad Dog The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C' Company, Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2004, p. 266
6. ^ ^{a b} "Faith, Hate, and Murder". The Guardian. Susan McKay. 17 November 2001
7. ^ Cusick, Jim and Henry McDonald (1997). UVF. Dublin: Poolbeg. p. 323
8. ^ Henry McDonald and Jim Cusack, UDA - Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror, Dublin: Penguin Ireland, 2004, pp. 283-84
9. ^ McDonald & Cusack, UDA, p. 284
10. ^ McPhilemy, The Committee, p. 421
11. ^ Anderson, Billy Boy, p. 67
12. ^ Lister & Jordan, Mad Dog, p. 267
13. ^ ^{a b c} Lister & Jordan, Mad Dog, p. 307

Other offices
Preceded by Billy Wright	Loyalist Volunteer Force Brigadier 1997–2002	Succeeded by Robin "Billy" King

Persondata
Name	Fulton, Mark
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1961
Place of birth	Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK
Date of death	10 June 2002
Place of death	Maghaberry Prison, Maghaberry, Northern Ireland, UK