Miami Showband killings

Miami Showband killings
Part of The Troubles
Site of the massacre; the band's minibus was parked in the lay-by behind the roadsign
Location	A1 road at Buskhill, County Down, Northern Ireland
Coordinates	54°15′38.43″N 6°18′58.53″W / 54.260675°N 6.3162583°W / 54.260675; -6.3162583Coordinates: 54°15′38.43″N 6°18′58.53″W / 54.260675°N 6.3162583°W / 54.260675; -6.3162583
Date	31 July 1975 2.30 a.m. (BST)
Attack type	Bombing, shooting
Death(s)	3 band members 2 UVF/UDR members
Injured	2 band members
Perpetrator	Ulster Volunteer Force and Ulster Defence Regiment members

The Miami Showband killings (also called the Miami Showband Massacre)^[1] was a paramilitary attack at Buskhill, County Down, Northern Ireland, in the early morning of 31 July 1975. It left five people dead at the hands of Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) gunmen, including three members of The Miami Showband. The band, one of Ireland's most popular cabaret bands, had been travelling home to Dublin after a performance in Banbridge, County Down.

The band's minibus was stopped at a bogus military checkpoint seven miles (11 km) north of Newry. Gunmen, dressed in British Army uniforms, ordered them out of their van and to line-up by the roadside. Although at least four of the gunmen were members of the British Army's Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR), all were members of the UVF, a loyalist paramilitary group. While two of the gunmen were hiding a time bomb on the minibus, it exploded prematurely and killed them. The remaining gunmen opened fire on the band members, killing three and wounding two. Two UDR soldiers and one former soldier were found guilty of murder and received life sentences; they were released in 1998.

Allegations of collusion between British Military Intelligence and the loyalist paramilitaries, leading to the attack, persist. According to former MI6 agent Captain Fred Holroyd, the killings were organised by British Army officer and member of 14th Intelligence Company, Captain Robert Nairac in collaboration with Robin Jackson and the UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade, which Jackson commanded. In a report published in the Sunday Mirror in 1999, Colin Wills called the Miami Showband attack "one of the worst atrocities in the 30-year history of the Troubles". Irish Times diarist Frank McNally summed up the massacre as "an incident that encapsulated all the madness of the time".

Background

Political situation in Northern Ireland

Main article: The Troubles

The Union Flag, Ulster Banner and Orange Order flags are often flown in loyalist areas of Northern Ireland.

The conflict in Northern Ireland, known as "The Troubles", began in the late 1960s. The year 1975 was marked by an escalation in sectarian attacks and a vicious feud between the two main loyalist paramilitary groups, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the Ulster Defence Association (UDA).^[2] On 4 April 1974 the proscription against the UVF had been lifted by Merlyn Rees, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. This meant that both it and the UDA were legal organisations.^[3] The UVF would be once more banned by the British Government on 3 October 1975.^[4]

In May 1974 unionists and loyalists called a general strike to protest against the Sunningdale Agreement – an attempt at power-sharing, setting up a Northern Ireland Executive and a cross-border Council of Ireland, which would have given the Irish Government a voice in running Northern Ireland. During that strike on 17 May, the UVF carried out the Dublin and Monaghan car bombings, which killed 33 civilians. The Provisional IRA were suspected by British police of bombing two pubs in the English city of Birmingham the following November, resulting in 21 deaths.^[5]

UK Home Secretary Roy Jenkins introduced the Prevention of Terrorism Act, which gave the government unprecedented powers against the liberty of individuals in the United Kingdom in peacetime.^[5] At Christmas 1974 the IRA declared a ceasefire, which theoretically lasted throughout most of 1975.^[5] This move made loyalists apprehensive and suspicious that a secret accord was being conducted between the British government and the IRA, and that Northern Ireland's Protestants would be "sold out".^[5] Their fears were partially grounded in fact, as the MI6 officer Michael Oatley was involved in negotiations with a member of the IRA Army Council, during which "structures of disengagement" from Ireland were discussed. This had meant the possible withdrawal of British troops from Northern Ireland.^[6] The existence of these talks led loyalists to believe that they were about to be abandoned by the British government and forced into a united Ireland; as a result, the loyalist paramilitary groups reacted with a violence that, combined with the tit-for-tat retaliations from the IRA (despite their ceasefire), made 1975 one of the "bloodiest years of the conflict".^[6]

In early 1975 Merlyn Rees set up elections for the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention at which all of Northern Ireland's politicians would plan their way forward. These were held on 1 May 1975 and the United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC), which had won 11 out of 12 Northern Irish seats in the February 1974 general election, won a majority again. As the UUUC would not back any form of power sharing with the Irish government, no agreement could be reached and the convention failed, again marginalising Northern Ireland's politicians and the communities they represented.^[2]

Robin Jackson and the Mid-Ulster UVF

Main article: Robin Jackson

Main article: UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade

Ulster Volunteer Force mural. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade, led by Robin Jackson, was one of the most ruthless paramilitary groups that operated in the 1970s.^[7]

The Ulster Volunteer Force's (UVF) Mid-Ulster Brigade operated mainly around the Portadown and Lurgan areas. It had been set up in Lurgan in 1972 by part-time UDR captain and staff instructor Billy Hanna, who made himself commander of the brigade. His leadership was endorsed by the UVF's leader Gusty Spence.^[8] The brigade was described by author Don Mullan as one of the most ruthless battalions operating in the 1970s.^[7] At the time of the attack the Mid-Ulster Brigade was commanded by Robin Jackson, also known as The Jackal. Jackson had assumed command of the Mid-Ulster UVF just a few days before the Miami Showband attack, when he had taken over from Hanna. Hanna had been shot dead outside his home in Lurgan on 27 July 1975, a killing in which Jackson was allegedly involved.^[9] According to authors Paul Larkin and Martin Dillon, Jackson was accompanied by Harris Boyle when he killed Hanna.^[10][11] Hanna was named by former British soldier and psychological warfare operative Colin Wallace as having organised and led the 1974 Dublin car bombings, along with Jackson.^[12] Journalist Joe Tiernan suggested that Hanna was shot for refusing to participate in the Miami Showband attack. He also alleged that Hanna became an informer for the Gardaí in exchange for immunity from prosecution for the Dublin bombings.^[13] Dillon suggested that because a large number of UDR/UVF members were to be used for the planned Miami Showband ambush, Hanna was considered to have been a "security risk", therefore the UVF decided he had to be killed before he could alert the authorities.^[14]

Jackson was an alleged Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Special Branch agent who was said by the narrator of Yorkshire Television's The Hidden Hand: The Forgotten Massacre programme to have had links to British Military Intelligence and Captain Robert Nairac.^[15][16] A report in the Irish Times implicated Jackson in the Dublin bombings. More than 100 killings were attributed to him, according to the Pat Finucane Centre, the Derry-based civil rights group.^[15][17]

The Miami Showband

Main article: The Miami Showband

The Miami Showband in 1975; one of the last photos of the band before the attack
L–R: Tony Geraghty, Fran O'Toole, Ray Millar, Des Lee, Brian McCoy, Stephen Travers

The Miami Showband was a popular Dublin-based cabaret band, enjoying fame and, according to journalist Peter Taylor, "Beatle-like devotion" from fans on both sides of the Irish border.^[18] A typical Irish showband was based on the popular six or seven member dance band. Its basic repertoire included cover versions of pop songs that were currently in the charts and standard dance numbers. The music ranged from rock and country and western to Dixieland jazz. Sometimes the showbands played traditional Irish music at their performances.

Originally called the Downbeats Quartet, the Miami Showband was reformed in 1962 by rock promoter Tom Doherty, who gave them their new name. With Dublin-born singer Dickie Rock as frontman, the Miami Showband underwent many personnel changes over the years. In December 1972, Rock left the band to be briefly replaced by two brothers, Frankie and Johnny Simon. That same year keyboardist Francis "Fran" O'Toole (from Bray, County Wicklow) had won the Gold Star Award on RTÉ's Reach For the Stars television programme.^[19] In early 1973, Billy MacDonald (aka "Billy Mac") took over as the group's frontman when the Simon brothers quit the band. The following year, Fran O'Toole became the band's lead vocalist after Mick Roche (Billy Mac's replacement) was sacked. O'Toole was noted for his good looks and popularity with female fans.^[20] was described by the Miami Showband's former bass guitarist, Paul Ashford, as having been the "greatest soul singer" in Ireland. Ashford had been asked to leave the band in 1973, for complaining that performing in Northern Ireland put their lives at risk.^[21] He was replaced by Johnny Brown, who in turn was replaced by Dave Monks until Stephen Travers eventually became the band's permanent bass player. In late 1974, the Miami Showband's song Clap Your Hands and Stomp Your Feet (featuring O'Toole on lead vocals) reached number eight in the Irish charts.^[19]

The 1975 lineup comprised four Catholics and two Protestants. They were: lead vocalist and keyboard player Fran O'Toole (29, Catholic), guitarist Anthony "Tony" Geraghty (23, Catholic) from Dublin, trumpeter Brian McCoy (33, Protestant) from Caledon, County Tyrone, saxophonist Des McAlea (aka "Des Lee"), a Catholic from Belfast, bassist Stephen Travers (24, Catholic) from Carrick-on-Suir, County Tipperary and drummer Ray Millar (Protestant) from Antrim. O'Toole and McCoy were both married; each had two children. Geraghty was engaged to be married.^[22]

Their music was described as "contemporary and trans-atlantic", with no reference to the Northern Ireland conflict. By 1975 they had gained a large following, playing to crowds of people in dancehalls and ballrooms across the island.^[4] The band had no overt interest in politics nor in the religious beliefs of the people who made up their audience. They were prepared to travel anywhere in Ireland to perform for their fans.^[23]

According to the Irish Times, at the height of the Irish showband's popularity (from the 1950s to the 1970s), up to as many as 700 bands travelled to venues all over Ireland on a nightly basis.^[24]

Ambush

Bogus checkpoint

Volkswagen Type 2 (T2)
similar to the minibus used by the band

Five members of the Dublin-based band were travelling home after a performance at the Castle Ballroom in Banbridge, County Down on Thursday 31 July 1975. Ray Millar, the band's drummer, was not with them as he had chosen to go to his home town of Antrim to spend the night with his parents. The band's road manager, Brian Maguire, had already gone ahead a few minutes earlier in the equipment van. At about 2.30 a.m., when the band was seven miles (11 km) north of Newry on the main A1 road, their Volkswagen minibus (driven by trumpeter Brian McCoy with Stephen Travers in the front seat beside him) reached the townland of Buskhill.^[22] There they were flagged-down by armed men dressed in British Army uniforms waving a red torch in a circular motion.^[19][25][26] During "The Troubles" it was normal for the British Army to set up checkpoints daily, at any time.

Assuming it was a legitimate checkpoint, McCoy informed the others inside the minibus of a military checkpoint up ahead and pulled in at the lay-by as directed by the armed men.^[25] As McCoy rolled down the window and produced his driving licence, gunmen came up to the minibus and one of them said in a Northern Irish accent, "Goodnight, fellas. How are things? Can you step out of the van for a few minutes and we'll just do a check".^[18][27] The unsuspecting band members (still wearing their stage clothes) got out and were politely told to line-up facing the ditch at the rear of the minibus with their hands on their heads.^[18] More uniformed men appeared from out of the darkness, their guns pointed at the minibus. About 10 gunmen were at the checkpoint, according to author and journalist Martin Dillon.^[27]

After McCoy told them they were the Miami Showband, one gunman, Thomas Crozier (who had a notebook) asked the band members for their names and addresses, while the others bantered with them about the success of their performance that night.^[4][18][28] As Crozier took down the information, a car pulled up and another uniformed man appeared on the scene. He wore a uniform and beret noticeably different from the others.^[4] He spoke with an educated English accent and immediately took charge, ordering a man who appeared to have been the leader of the patrol, to tell Crozier to obtain their names and dates of birth instead of addresses.^[4][21]

The jocular mood of the gunmen abruptly ceased. At no time did this new soldier speak to any of the band members nor did he directly address Crozier. He relayed all his instructions to the gunman in command.^[29] Travers, the band's new bass player, assumed he was a British Army officer; an opinion shared by McCoy. Just after the arrival of this mysterious soldier, McCoy nudged Travers, who was standing beside him, and reassured him by saying "Don't worry Stephen, this is British Army".^[21][22][30] Travers thought that McCoy, a Protestant from Northern Ireland, was familiar with security checkpoints and had reckoned the regular British Army would be more efficient than the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR), who had a reputation for unprofessional and unpredictable behaviour especially towards people from the Irish Republic.^[29][31]

McCoy had close relatives in the security forces; his brother-in-law was a former member of the B Specials which had been disbanded in 1970.^[30] Travers described McCoy as a "sophisticated, father-type figure. Everybody was respectful to Brian". McCoy's words, therefore, were taken seriously by the other band members, and anything he said was considered to be accurate.^[22]

Explosion

At least four of the gunmen were British soldiers, but they were actually from the UDR; a locally recruited infantry regiment of the British Army in Northern Ireland. Martin Dillon suggested, in The Dirty War, that at least five serving UDR soldiers were present at the checkpoint.^[32] All the gunmen were members of the UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade, and had been lying in wait to ambush the band having set up the checkpoint just minutes before.^[33]

Out of sight of the band members, two of the gunmen placed a ten-pound (4.5 kg) time bomb in the rear of the minibus.^[25] The UVF's plan was that the bomb would explode once the minibus had reached Newry, killing all on board. However, Martin Dillon alleged that the bomb was meant to go off in the Irish Republic.^[21][34] He suggested that had all gone according to plan, the loyalist extremists would have been able to clandestinely bomb the Republic of Ireland, yet claim that the band were republican bomb-smugglers carrying explosives on behalf of the IRA.^[35] They had hoped to embarrass the Irish government, as well as to draw attention to its underpatrolled border.^[35][36] This would have resulted in the Irish authorities enforcing tighter controls over people crossing the border, thus greatly restricting IRA operations.^[34][37] Dillon opined that another reason the UVF decided to target the Miami Showband was because the nationalist community held them in high regard; to attack the band was to strike the nationalists indirectly.^[34]

Stephen Travers heard the gunmen rummaging in the back of the minibus, where he kept his guitar. Concerned it may be damaged, he approached the two gunmen and told them to be careful. Asked whether he had anything valuable inside the case, Travers replied no. The gunman turned him round, punched him in the back and pushed him on the shoulder back into the line-up.^[18][22]

When the two gunmen closed the rear door, clumsy soldering on the clock used as a timer caused the device to explode prematurely, blowing the minibus apart and killing the gunmen Harris Boyle (aged 22, a telephone wireman from Portadown) and Wesley Somerville (aged 34, a textile worker from Moygashel) instantly. Hurled in opposite directions, they were both decapitated and their bodies dismembered. What little that remained intact of their bodies was burnt beyond recognition; one of the limbless torsos was completely charred.^[20]

Shootings

Luger P08 pistol
similar to the one used to kill Brian McCoy

Following the explosion, the remaining gunmen opened fire on the dazed band members, who had all been knocked down into the field below the level of the road from the force of the blast. The order to shoot was given by the patrol's apparent leader, James McDowell,^[34] to eliminate witnesses to the bogus checkpoint and subsequent bombing.^[38] Three of the musicians were killed: lead singer Fran O'Toole, trumpeter Brian McCoy, and guitarist Tony Geraghty.

Brian McCoy was the first to die, having received nine rounds in the back from a 9 mm Luger pistol in the initial volley of gunfire.^[4] Fran O'Toole attempted to run away, but was quickly chased down by the gunmen who had immediately jumped down into the field in pursuit. He was then machine-gunned twenty-two times in the face as he lay supine on the ground. Tony Geraghty also attempted to escape; but he was caught by the gunmen and shot at least four times in the back. Both men had pleaded for their lives before they were shot; one had cried out, "Please don't shoot me, don't kill me".^[20]

Bassist Stephen Travers was seriously wounded by a dum-dum bullet which had struck him when the gunmen had first begun shooting.^[20] He survived by pretending he was dead, as he lay beside the body of McCoy.^[22] Saxophone player Des McAlea was hit by the minibus' door when it was blown off in the explosion, but was not badly wounded. He lay hidden in thick undergrowth, undetected by the gunmen. He also survived, and was able to hitch a lift to alert the RUC at their barracks in Newry after the gunmen had left the scene, assuming everyone else had been killed. Travers later recalled hearing one of the departing gunmen tell his comrade who had kicked McCoy's body to make sure he was not alive: "Come on, those bastards are dead. I got them with dum-dums".^[4][22]

Forensic and ballistic evidence

When the RUC arrived at the site they found five dead bodies, a seriously injured Stephen Travers, body parts, the smouldering remains of the destroyed minibus, debris from the bomb blast, bullets, spent cartridges, and the band members' personal possessions, including clothing, shoes, and a photograph of the group, strewn across the area. They also discovered a stolen white Ford Escort registration number 4933 LZ.^[39] which had been left behind by the gunmen, along with two guns, ammunition, green UDR berets and a pair of glasses later traced to James McDowell, the gunman who had ordered the shootings.^[22][40]

One of the first RUC men who arrived at Buskhill in the wake of the killings was Scenes of Crime Officer James O'Neill. He described the scene as having "just the smell of utterly death about the place ... burning blood, burning tyres". He also added that "that bomb was definitely placed there with a view to killing all in that band".^[22]

The only identifiable body part from the bombers to survive the blast (which had been heard up to four miles away) was a severed arm belonging to Wesley Somerville. It was found one hundred yards from the site with a "UVF Portadown" tattoo on it.^[28][37][41]

Sterling submachine gun
similar to the those used in the attack

The RUC's investigative unit, the Assassination or "A" Squad of detectives, was set up to investigate the crime and to discover the identities of the UVF gunmen who perpetrated the killings.^[32] Afterwards, as Travers recovered in hospital, the second survivor Des McAlea gave the police a description of McDowell as the gunman with a moustache and wearing dark glasses who appeared to have been the leader of the patrol.^[42] Some time after the attack, RUC officers questioned Stephen Travers at Dublin Castle. He subsequently stated they refused to accept his description of the different-coloured beret worn by the soldier with the English accent.^[43] The UVF gunmen had worn green UDR berets, whereas the other man's had been lighter in colour.

The dead bombers were named by the UVF, in a statement issued within twelve hours of the attack.^[44] Harris Boyle and Wesley Somerville were UDR soldiers as well as holding the rank of major and lieutenant, respectively, in the UVF.^[42][45] In 1993 Boyle was named by The Hidden Hand programme as one of the Dublin car bombers.^[46]

The stolen Ford Escort belonged to a man from Portadown, who according to Captain Fred Holroyd, had links with one of the UVF bombers and the driver of the bomb car which had been left to explode in Parnell Street, Dublin on 17 May 1974. He was also one of the prime suspects in the sectarian killing of Dorothy Traynor on 1 April 1975 in Portadown.^[39]

Ballistic evidence indicates that the ten-member gang took at least six guns with them on the attack.^[47] An independent panel of inquiry commissioned by the Pat Finucane Centre has established that among the weapons actually used in the killings were two Sterling 9 mm submachine guns and a 9 mm Luger pistol serial no. U 4. The submachine guns were linked to prior and later sectarian killings, whereas the Luger had been used to kill leading IRA member, John Francis Green, the previous January.^{[48][nb 1][nb 2]}

Aftermath

Reactions

Within twelve hours of the attack the UVF's Brigade Staff (Belfast leadership) issued a statement. It was released under the heading Ulster Central Intelligence Agency – Miami Showband Incident Report:^[20]

A UVF patrol led by Major Boyle was suspicious of two vehicles, a minibus and a car parked near the border. Major Boyle ordered his patrol to apprehend the occupants for questioning. As they were being questioned, Major Boyle and Lieutenant Somerville began to search the minibus. As they began to enter the vehicle, a bomb was detonated and both men were killed outright. At the precise moment of the explosion, the patrol came under intense automatic fire from the occupants of the other vehicle. The patrol sergeant immediately ordered fire to be returned. Using self-loading rifles and sub-machine guns, the patrol returned fire, killing three of their attackers and wounding another. The patrol later recovered two Armalite rifles and a pistol. The UVF maintains regular border patrols due to the continued activity of the Provisional IRA. The Mid-Ulster Battalion has been assisting the South Down-South Armagh units since the IRA Forkhill boobytrap which killed four British soldiers. Three UVF members are being treated for gunshot wounds after last night but not in hospital.^[44][51]

It would appear that the UVF patrol surprised members of a terrorist organization transferring weapons to the Miami Showband minibus and that an explosive device of some description was being carried by the Showband for an unlawful purpose. It is obvious, therefore, that the UVF patrol was justified in taking the action it did and that the killing of the three Showband members should be regarded as justifiable homicide. The Officers and Agents of the Ulster Central Intelligence Agency commend the UVF on their actions and tender their deepest sympathy to the relatives of the two Officers who died while attempting to remove the bomb from the minibus.^[52]

Harris Boyle and Wesley Somerville were given UVF paramilitary funerals conducted by Free Presbyterian minister William McCrea, who is also a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politician.^[4]

The killings shocked everybody in Ireland.^[19] They also put a serious strain on Anglo-Irish relations. The Irish Times reported that on the night following the attack, the British ambassador Sir Arthur Galsworthy was summoned to hear the Irish Government's strong feelings regarding the murder of the three band members. The government held the view that the British Government had not done enough to stop sectarian assassinations in Northern Ireland.^[53]

Following the post-mortems, funerals were held for the three slain musicians; they received televised news coverage by RTÉ, Ireland's public service broadcaster. According to the RTÉ, "Their families were in deep mourning and Ireland mourned with them".^[22]

According to Peter Taylor, the Provisional IRA's gun and bomb attack on the loyalist Bayardo Bar in Belfast's Shankill Road the following 13 August was in retaliation for the Miami Showband ambush. Four Protestant civilians (two men and two women) and UVF member Hugh Harris were killed in the attack.^[54]

Altnamachin attack

Less than one month after the Miami Showband massacre, another UVF unit, operating as part of the Glenanne gang, used the same modus operandi on 24 August 1975, at Altnamachin, outside Tullyvallen, close to the border with the Republic of Ireland. Two Gaelic football supporters, Colm McCartney and Sean Farmer, were stopped in their car by a UVF patrol wearing full military combat uniforms at a bogus vehicle checkpoint. The two men were ordered out of the car and then both were shot dead a short distance away. Three RUC men had earlier been stopped in their unmarked car by the same "soldiers", who let them through upon ascertaining their identity. The RUC, however, had suspected that the checkpoint had been fake. After receiving radio confirmation that there were no authorised regular Army or UDR checkpoints in the area that night, they reported the incident and requested help from the British Army to investigate it, but no action was taken.^[55] UDR corporal Robert McConnell was implicated by RUC Special Patrol Group officer John Weir in this attack.^[56]

Convictions

Soldiers from 11th Battalion Ulster Defence Regiment on patrol break in South Armagh

A number of suspects were arrested by the RUC in early August 1975. One of these men, Lance-Corporal Thomas Raymond Crozier (aged 25, a painting contractor from Lurgan) of C Company, 11th Battalion UDR was charged with the Miami killings.^[48] It was believed he had been betrayed to the RUC by a member of the gang.^[32]

Thomas Crozier recounted that on the night of the killings, he had driven to the grounds of a school in Lurgan where he had picked up two men. He then drove to a lay-by on the Newry-Banbridge dual carriageway and met up with another five men, who were all wearing British Army uniforms. They subsequently set up a roadblock with "all the trappings of a regular military checkpoint". Crozier told police, and later a court, that he had not played a large part in the attack. He refused to name his accomplices, as he felt that to do so would put the lives of his family in danger.^[33]

On 22 January 1976, a second UDR soldier, Sergeant James Roderick McDowell (aged 29, an optical worker, also from Lurgan) was arrested and charged with the Miami killings. He served in C Company, 11th Battalion UDR. The RUC were led to him through his glasses which had been found at the murder scene. Tests done on the glasses, which were eventually traced back to McDowell, revealed that the lens were of a prescription worn by just 1 in 500,000 of the population.^[40]

McDowell's statement of admission was published in David McKittrick's book Lost Lives:

"There was very little planning. I only came into it because of my UDR connection and the fact that I had a uniform. I was given a sub-machine gun but I had never fired it. I passed out when the explosion happened and that was when I lost the gun, the glasses, and a UDR beret".^[40]

On 15 October 1976, Crozier and McDowell both received life sentences for the Miami Showband murders.^[57] McDowell had pleaded guilty. Crozier had pleaded not guilty.^[48] The judge, by sentencing McDowell and Crozier to 35 years imprisonment each, had handed down the longest life sentences in the history of Northern Ireland; he commented that "killings like the Miami Showband must be stopped". He added that had the death penalty not been abolished, it would have been imposed in this case.^[57]

A third person, former UDR soldier John James Somerville (aged 37, a lorry-helper and the brother of Wesley), was arrested following an RUC raid in Dungannon on 26 September 1980. He was charged with the Miami Showband killings and the killing of Patrick Falls in 1974. He was given a total of four life sentences (three for the murders of the Miami Showband members and one for the Falls murder) on 9 November 1981;^[37] he had pleaded not guilty.^[48] The three convicted UVF men, although admitting to having been at the scene, denied having shot anyone.^[40] None of the men ever named their accomplices, and the other UVF gunmen were never caught. The three men were sent to serve their sentence in the Maze Prison, on the outskirts of Lisburn. Fortnight Magazine reported that on 1 June 1982, John James Somerville began a hunger strike at the Maze to obtain special category status.^[58] Crozier, McDowell, and Somerville were released after 1998 under the terms of the Belfast Agreement.^[4]

Allegations

A continued allegation in the case has been the presence of British Army officer and member of 14th Intelligence Company, Captain Robert Nairac at the scene. Former serving Secret Intelligence Service agent Captain Fred Holroyd, and others, suggested that Nairac had organised the attack in cooperation with Robin Jackson and the Mid-Ulster UVF.^[43][59] In his maiden parliamentary speech on 7 July 1987, Ken Livingstone MP told the House of Commons, "it was likely" that Nairac had organised the attack.^[60] Surviving band members Stephen Travers and Des McAlea told police and later testified in court that a British Army officer with a "crisp, clipped English accent" oversaw the Buskhill attack, the implication being that this was Nairac.^[4][22][61] In his book The Dirty War, Martin Dillon adamantly dismissed the allegation that Nairac had been present. He believed it was based on the erroneous linkage of Nairac to the earlier murder of IRA man John Francis Green in County Monaghan – the same pistol was used in both attacks.^[33] Regarding the soldier with the English accent, Dillon wrote:

it is to say the least highly dubious, if not absurd to conclude from such superficial factors that Nairac was present at the Miami murders. I was told by a source close to "Mr. A" and another loyalist hitman that Nairac was not present at either murder [Miami Showband and John Francis Green].^[62]

Travers had described the English-accented man as having been of normal height and thought he had fair hair, but was not certain. Travers was not able to positively identify Nairac, from his photograph, as having been the man at Buskhill.^[43] The RTE programme Today Tonight aired a documentary in 1987 in which it claimed that former UVF associates of Harris Boyle revealed to the programme's researchers that Nairac had deliberately detonated the bomb in order to eliminate Boyle, with whom he had carried out the Green killing. Journalist Emily O'Reilly noted in the Sunday Tribune that none of the three men convicted of the massacre ever implicated Nairac in the attack or accused him of causing Boyle's death.^[63]

The band's road manager, Brian Maguire stated that when he drove away from Banbridge in the lead, a few minutes ahead of the band's minibus, he passed through security barriers manned by the RUC. As Maguire continued ahead, up the by-pass towards Newry, he noticed a blue Triumph 2000 pulling-out from where it had been parked in a lay-by. Maguire recalled that the car first slowed down, then it accelerated, flashing its lights.^[4]

Another persistent allegation is the direct involvement of Mid-Ulster UVF leader Robin Jackson. He was one of the men taken in by the RUC in August 1975 and questioned as a suspect in the killings, but was released without charge.^[40] The independent panel of inquiry commissioned by the Pat Finucane Centre concluded that there was "credible evidence that the principal perpetrator [of the Miami Showband attack] was a man who was not prosecuted – alleged RUC Special Branch agent Robin Jackson".^[64] The same panel revealed that about six weeks before the attack, Thomas Crozier, Jackson, and the latter's brother-in-law Samuel Fulton Neill, were arrested for the possession of four shotguns.^[65] Neill's car was one of those allegedly used in the Buskhill attack.^[53] He was later shot dead in Portadown on 25 January 1976, allegedly by Jackson for having informed the RUC about Thomas Crozier's participation in the attack.^[32][65][66] The panel stated that is was unclear why Crozier, Jackson, and Neill were not in police custody at the time the Miami Showband killings took place.^[65] Martin Dillon maintained in The Dirty War that the Miami Showband attack was planned weeks before at a house in Portadown, and the person in charge of the overall operation was a former UDR man, whom Dillon referred to for legal reasons as "Mr. A".^[33] Dillon also opined in God and the Gun: the Church and Irish Terrorism that the dead bombers, Harris Boyle and Wesley Somerville, had actually led the UVF gang at Buskhill.^[67] Journalists Kevin Dowling and Liam Collins in the Irish Independent however, suggested in their respective articles that Jackson had been the leader of the unit.^[21][68]

The Pat Finucane Centre has named the Miami Showband killings as one of the 87 violent attacks perpetrated by the Glenanne gang against the Irish nationalist community in the 1970s. The Glenanne gang was a loose alliance of loyalist extremists allegedly operating under the command of British Military Intelligence and/or RUC Special Branch. It comprised rogue elements of the British security forces who, together with the UVF, carried out sectarian killings in the Mid-Ulster/County Armagh area. Their name comes from a farm in Glenanne, County Armagh, which was owned by RUC reservist James Mitchell; according to RUC Special Patrol Group officer John Weir, it was used as a UVF arms dump and bomb-making site.^[69] Weir alleged the bomb used in the Miami Showband attack came from Mitchell's farm. Weir's affidavit implicating Robin Jackson in a number of attacks including the 1974 Dublin bombings was published in the 2003 Barron Report; the findings of an official investigation into the Dublin and Monaghan bombings commissioned by Irish Supreme Court Judge Henry Barron.^[17][70]

Later years

During the six years from the onset of "The Troubles" until the July 1975 attack, there had never been an incident involving any of the showbands. The incident had an adverse effect on the Irish showband scene, with many of the bands afraid to play in Northern Ireland. The emergence of discos later in the decade meant that ballrooms were converted into nightclubs, leaving the showbands with few venues available in which to perform. By the mid-1980s, the showbands had lost their appeal for the Irish public; although The Miami Showband, albeit with a series of different lineups, did not disband until 1986.^[19] The Miami Showband reformed in 2008, with Travers, Des McAlea, Ray Millar and other new members. It is fronted by McAlea, who returned to Northern Ireland the same year after living in South Africa since about 1982.^[19]

In 1994, Eric Smyth, a former UDR member and the husband of Brian McCoy's sister, Sheila, was killed by the IRA.^[71]

Travers travelled to Belfast in 2006 for a secret meeting with the second-in-command of the UVF's Brigade Staff, in an attempt to come to terms with the killing of his former colleagues and friends. The meeting was arranged by Rev. Chris Hudson, a former intermediary between the Irish Government and the UVF, whose role was crucial to the Northern Ireland peace process.^[72] Hudson had been a close friend of Fran O'Toole.^[73] The encounter took place inside Hudson's church. The UVF man, who identified himself only as "the Craftsman", apologised to Travers for the attack, and explained that the UVF gunmen had opened fire on the band because they "had panicked" that night.^[22][74] It was revealed in Peter Taylor's book Loyalists that "the Craftsman" had been instrumental in bringing about the 1994 Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) ceasefire.^[75]

Travers also visited the home of Thomas Crozier, hoping to meet with him, but the latter did not come to the door.^[22] He presently resides near Craigavon. James McDowell lives in Lurgan, and John James Somerville is an evangelical minister in Belfast.^[4]

Memorials

Memorial to the three dead band members at Parnell Square, Dublin

A monument dedicated to the dead Miami Showband members was unveiled at a ceremony at Parnell Square North, Dublin, on 10 December 2007. Survivors Stephen Travers and Des McAlea were both present at the unveiling, as was the Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern, who made a tribute. The monument, made of limestone, bronze and granite, by County Donegal sculptor Redmond Herrity, is at the site of the old National Ballroom, where the band often played.^[76][77]

A mural and memorial plaque to Harris Boyle and Wesley Somerville is in the Killycomain Estate in Portadown, where Boyle had lived. The plaque describes them as having been "killed in action".^[78]

In a report on Nairac's alleged involvement in the massacre, published in the Sunday Mirror newspaper on 16 May 1999, Colin Wills called the attack "one of the worst atrocities in the 30-year history of the Troubles".^[79] Irish Times diarist, Frank McNally, summed up the massacre as "an incident that encapsulated all the madness of the time".^[80]

A stamp was issued in Ireland on 22 September 2010 commemorating the Miami Showband. The 55-cent stamp, designed with a 1967 publicity photograph of the band, included two of the slain members Fran O'Toole and Brian McCoy as part of the lineup when Dickie Rock was the frontman. It was one of a series of four stamps issued by An Post, celebrating the "golden age of the Irish showband era from the 1950s to the 1970s".^[24]

See also

• List of massacres in the United Kingdom
• Timeline of Ulster Defence Regiment operations
• Timeline of Ulster Volunteer Force actions

References

Footnotes

1. ^ In a letter to the Independent Commission of Inquiry into the Bombing of Kay's Tavern dated 22 February 2004, the Northern Ireland Office stated that: "The PSNI [The Police Service of Northern Ireland] have confirmed that a 9 mm Luger pistol was ballistically traced both to the murder of John Francis Green and to the Miami Showband murders."^[49]
2. ^ In May 1976, Robin Jackson's fingerprints were discovered on insulating tape wrapped around a home-made silencer for a Luger. Both the silencer and pistol – which was later established to have been the same one used in the Miami Showband killings – were found by the security forces at the home of Edward Sinclair. Jackson was charged but not convicted, the judge having reportedly said: "At the end of the day I find that the accused somehow touched the silencer, but the Crown evidence has left me completely in the dark as to whether he did that wittingly or unwittingly, willingly or unwillingly". The Luger was destroyed by the RUC on 28 August 1978.^[50]

Notes

1. ^ Dillon 1991, p. 174
2. ^ ^{a b} Taylor 1999, p. 146
3. ^ Taylor 1999, p. 124
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} McGurk, Tom (31 July 2005). "The Mystery of the Miami Murders". Dublin: The Sunday Business Post. http://www.thepost.ie/archives/2005/0731/the-mystery-of-the-miami-murders-6772.html. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Taylor 1999, p. 142
6. ^ ^{a b} Taylor 1999, pp. 142–143
7. ^ ^{a b} Mullan, Don; Scally, John; Urwin, Margaret (2000). The Dublin and Monaghan Bombings. Dublin: Wolfhound Press. p. 205. ISBN 0 8632 7719 5. http://books.google.com/books?id=766fAAAAMAAJ&q=isbn:0863277195&dq=isbn:0863277195&hl=en&ei=TZ-tTbWSGNDQ4gban_2YCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 19 April 2011. 
8. ^ Tiernan, Joe (16 May 1999). "Sunningdale pushed hardliners into fatal outrages in 1974". Irish Independent (Dublin). http://independent.ie/national-news/sunningdale-pushed-hardliners-into-fatal-outrages-in-1974.html. Retrieved 6 May 2011. 
9. ^ "UVF Rules out Jackal Link to Murder". The People (London). 30 June 2002. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-88079079.html. Retrieved 21 May 2011. "He is also linked to the killings of former UVF leader Billy Hanna, the Miami Showband ambush and the Dublin-Monaghan bombings." 
10. ^ Larkin, Paul (2004). A very British jihad: collusion, conspiracy & cover-up in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Beyond the Pale. p. 182. ISBN 1 9009 6025 7. http://books.google.com/books?id=6ZpnAAAAMAAJ&q=isbn:1900960257&dq=isbn:1900960257&hl=en&ei=ipWtTcmKCdGq8AOIl63zAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 19 April 2011. 
11. ^ Dillon, Martin (2003). The trigger men. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 1 8401 8739 5. http://books.google.com/books?id=EaZIAAAAYAAJ&q=isbn:1840187395&dq=isbn:1840187395&hl=en&ei=KpmtTYWVEoTMswaw2ujXDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 19 April 2011. 
12. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (The Barron Report) 2003, p. 174.
13. ^ Tiernan, Joe (2002). The Dublin Bombings and the Murder Triangle. Cork: Mercier Press. pp. 108–09. ISBN 1 8563 5320 6. http://books.google.com/books?id=AvuzSQAACAAJ&dq=isbn:1856353206&hl=en&ei=gZytTauNJ9HwsgbV3_XWDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 19 April 2011. 
14. ^ Dillon 1991, p. 219
15. ^ ^{a b} "Cain: Events: Dublin and Monaghan Bombs - Chronolgy of Events". Conflict Archive on the Internet. 14  March 2011. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/dublin/chron.htm. 
16. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (The Barron Report) 2003, pp. 239-240.
17. ^ ^{a b} "Collusion in the South Armagh / Mid Ulster Area in the mid-1970s". Pat Finucane Centre. 2011. http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html. Retrieved 18  April 2011. 
18. ^ ^{a b c d e} Taylor 1999, pp. 147–148
19. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "Miami Showband". Irish Showbands.com: All About the Miami Showband (1961–1996). GMS Productions. 2011. http://www.irish-showbands.com/Bands/Miami.htm. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
20. ^ ^{a b c d e} Taylor 1999, p. 148
21. ^ ^{a b c d e} Collins, Liam (17 July 2005). "The Miami Band Lined Up Against the Van. Then They Were Coldly Murdered". Dublin: Irish Independent. http://www.independent.ie/analysis/opinion/the-miami-lined-up-against-the-van-then-they-were-coldly-murdered-470106.html. Retrieved 15 April 2011. 
22. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} "Bombings". Programme Four: Miami Showband. RTÉ. 2011. http://www.rte.ie/tv/programmes/bombings.html. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
23. ^ Dillon 1999, p. 59
24. ^ ^{a b} "Miami Showband stamp issued". Irish Times. 22 September 2010. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0922/breaking46.html. Retrieved 28 April 2011. 
25. ^ ^{a b c} Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights 2006, p. 156.
26. ^ Sutton, Malcolm (2011). "CAIN: Sutton index of deaths". CAIN website. CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet). http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1975.html. Retrieved 20 April 2011. 
27. ^ ^{a b} Dillon 1991, p. 213
28. ^ ^{a b} Dillon 1999, p. 59
29. ^ ^{a b} Travers, Stephen. "The Miami Showband Massacre – Shared Troubles". Extracted from Stephen Travers, Neil Fetherstonhaugh (2007). The Miami Showband Massacre: A Survivor's Search For the Truth. Hodder Headline Ireland, Ltd. ISBN 978-034937921. Shared Troubles. http://www.sharedtroubles.net/storydetail.php?story_id=1006. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
30. ^ ^{a b} "Sub-Committee on the Barron Report – 26 September 2006 Public Hearings on the Barron Report". Houses of the Oireachtas. 26 September 2006. p. 3. http://debates.oireachtas.ie/JUB/2006/09/26/00003.asp. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 
31. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women's Right 2006, pp. 156, 160.
32. ^ ^{a b c d} Dillon 1991, p. 218
33. ^ ^{a b c d} Dillon 1991, p. 216
34. ^ ^{a b c d} Dillon 1991, p. 217
35. ^ ^{a b} Dillon 1991, pp. 198–199
36. ^ McCormack, W J; Gillan, Patrick (1999). The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. p. 383. ISBN 0 8632 7719 5. http://books.google.com/books?id=ANgdh-3cMowC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Blackwell+intitle:Companion+intitle:to+intitle:Modern+intitle:Irish+intitle:Culture&hl=en&ei=46StTYTlGMKs8gOVuozzAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Miami%20Showband&f=false. Retrieved 19 April 2011. 
37. ^ ^{a b c} Brown, Michael (3 December 2006). "The MoS confronts the smirking monster who massacred the Miami Showband to ask if he feels any remorse. His response? 'Mate...no interest'". Dublin: Irish Mail on Sunday. p. 34. http://www.indymedia.ie/attachments/dec2006/miamiirmailsun03ddec06.gif. Retrieved 20 April 2011. 
38. ^ McKittrick 2001, p. 555
39. ^ ^{a b} "Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women's Rights, Sub-Committee on the Barron Report". Justice for the forgotten: Transcripts of contributions to the Joint Oireachtas sub committee on the Barron report into the bombing of Kay's Tavern, Dundalk. 27 September 2006. p. 2. http://www.dublinmonaghanbombings.org/oralsubdb27Sept06page2.html. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 
40. ^ ^{a b c d e} Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights 2006, p. 159.
41. ^ "The Miami Showband Massacre, 1975: A survivor's search for the truth". An Phoblacht (Dublin: Sinn Féin). 27 September 2007. http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/20878. Retrieved 20 April 2011. 
42. ^ ^{a b} Dillon 1991, pp. 213–215
43. ^ ^{a b c} Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights 2006, p. 160.
44. ^ ^{a b} Dillon 1991, pp. 214–215
45. ^ Mid Ulster Brigade mural Cain Web Service. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
46. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (The Barron Report) 2003, p. 134.
47. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights 2006, p. 178.
48. ^ ^{a b c d} Cassel et al. 2006, pp. 110–111
49. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (The Barron Report) 2006, p. 158
50. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (The Barron Report) 2003, pp. 260;7
51. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights 2006, p. 157.
52. ^ Taylor 1999, p. 148 The statement appeared in the August 1975 edition of Combat, the UVF's journal, which also published sympathy letters from "A" Company of the 9th Battalion of the Ulster Defence Regiment, and from the Protestant Action Force, a cover name of the UVF.
53. ^ ^{a b} McKittrick 2001, p. 556
54. ^ Taylor 1999, p. 149
55. ^ "Decision as to the admissibility of Application no. 34575/04 by Sean McCartney against the United Kingdom: The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section)". Madden and Finucane Solicitors, cases archive. Madden and Finucane Solicitors; Belfast. 6 March 2007. http://www.madden-finucane.com/the_firm/cases/echr/2007march06_2.htm. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 
56. ^ Weir, John (3 January 1999). John Weir's Affadavit,Statement by John Weir 03.01.99. Seeing Red. http://www.seeingred.com/Copy/2.1_CODE_weiraff.html. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 
57. ^ ^{a b} "On this day 15 October: 1976: UDR men jailed for Showband killings". BBC On This Day news archive. BBC. 15 October 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/15/newsid_2534000/2534941.stm. Retrieved 20 April 2011. 
58. ^ "Diary of Events". Fortnight Magazine (Belfast: Fortnight Publications) (188): 14. October 1982. JSTOR 25547050. 
59. ^ Holroyd, Fred; Burbridge, Nick (1989). War without honour. Hull: Medium. pp. 78–79. ISBN 1 8723 9800 6. http://books.google.com/books?id=c_Q2OQAACAAJ&dq=isbn:9781872398006&hl=en&ei=AzGvTYzPGoal8QOj3-iQDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. 
60. ^ Dillon, Martin (1990). The Dirty War. London: Hutchinson. p. 211. ISBN 0 0917 4308 7. http://books.google.com/books?id=HaQMAQAAMAAJ&q=7+July+1987+Ken+Livingstone&dq=7+July+1987+Ken+Livingstone&hl=en&ei=4fSuTdycAcTusgb9kv3hDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ. Retrieved 20 April 2011. 
61. ^ "Enigmatic SAS man linked to massacre". The News Letter (Belfast: Johnston Publishing (NI)). 1 August 2005. http://highbeam.com/doc/1G1-137433460.html. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 
62. ^ Dillon 1991, p. 221
63. ^ O'Reilly, Emily (22 March 1987). "The MI5 Scandal: Does the Evidence Stand Up?". Dublin: Sunday Tribune. p. 4. 
64. ^ Cassel et al. 2006, p. 68
65. ^ ^{a b c} Cassel et al. 2006, p. 112
66. ^ McKittrick 2001, p. 619
67. ^ Dillon 1999, p. 58
68. ^ Dowling, Kevin (4 June 1998). "Day of 'The Jackal' has finally drawn to a close". Dublin: Irish Independent. http://www.independent.ie/national-news/day-of-the-jackal-has-finally-drawn-to-a-close-441236.html. Retrieved 20 April 2011. 
69. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (The Barron Report) 2003, pp. 144, 145.
70. ^ Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (The Barron Report) 2003, pp. 145, 146.
71. ^ McKittrick 2001, p. 557
72. ^ BBC News: "'Best Wishes' as UVF decommission". 21 June 2009
73. ^ Taylor 1999, p. 220
74. ^ Robert Nairac in command at massacre says Miami guitarist. Irish Republican News. 12 September 2007. http://republican-news.org/current/news/2007/09/nairac_commanded_miami_massacr.html. Retrieved 15 April 2011. 
75. ^ Taylor 1999, p. 221
76. ^ Stack, Sarah (9 December 2007). "Memorial to victims of Miami massacre to be unveiled in Dublin". Dublin: Sunday Tribune. http://www.tribune.ie/archive/article/2007/dec/09/memorial-to-victims-of-miami-massacre-to-be-unveil/. Retrieved 27 April 2011. 
77. ^ "Miami Showband memorial is unveiled". Banbridge: Banbridge Leader. 12 December 2007. http://www.banbridgeleader.co.uk:80/news/local/miami_showband_memorial_is_unveiled_1_1627564. Retrieved 27 April 2011. 
78. ^ McCormick, Jonathan (14 March 2011). "CAIN: A Directory of Murals – Album 75 by Dr Jonathan McCormick". CAIN mural directory. CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet). http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/mccormick/album75.htm. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 
79. ^ Wills, Colin (16 May 1999). "MI5 Plotted Miami Showband Murders". Sunday Mirror. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4611/is_19990516/ai_n14489472/. Retrieved 15 April 2011. 
80. ^ McNally, Frank (1 April 2010). "An Irishman's Diary". The Irish Times. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2010/0401/1224267477393.html. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 

Bibliography

• Cassel, Douglass; Kemp, Susie; Pigou, Piers; Sawyer, Stephen (October 2006) (PDF), Report of the Independent International Panel on Alleged Collusion in Sectarian Killings in Northern Ireland (The Cassel Report, 2006), Center for Civil and Human Rights, Notre Dame Law School, http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/collusion.pdf, retrieved 20 April 2011 
• Dillon, Martin (1999). God and the Gun: the Church and Irish Terrorism. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0 415 92363 8. http://books.google.com/books?id=7-vCs5N4K2EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:0415923638&hl=en&ei=COmrTbW_M834sgbRm92JCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
• Dillon, Martin (1991). The Dirty War. London: Arrow Books. ISBN 9780 09 984520 1. http://books.google.com/books?id=Kc1jtzUNiFAC&dq=isbn:041592281X&hl=en&ei=xPSrTb30E8y18QPztfXHAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
• Houses of the Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (December 2003). "Interim Report on the Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry into the Dublin and Monaghan Bombings (The Barron Report 2003)" (PDF). Dublin: Oireachtas. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/dublin/barron03.pdf. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
• Houses of the Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women’s Rights (July 2006). "Interim Report on the Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry into the Bombing of Kay’s Tavern, Dundalk" (PDF). Dublin: Oireachtas. http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/violence/docs/kaystavern0706.pdf. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
• McKittrick, David (2001). Lost lives: the stories of the men, women and children who died as a result of the Northern Ireland troubles. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1 8401 8504 X. http://books.google.com/books?id=yDRvQgAACAAJ&dq=isbn:9781840185041&hl=en&ei=Aq2uTbjSJdDrsgbUyunXDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 20 April 2011. 
• Taylor, Peter (1999). Loyalists: war and peace in Northern Ireland. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 1 575 00047 4. http://books.google.com/books?id=LxcTAQAAIAAJ&q=isbn:1575000474&dq=isbn:1575000474&hl=en&ei=oRisTf6QMdbQ4wb037ycCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
• Travers, Stephen; Fetherstonhaugh, Neil (2007). The Miami Showband Massacre: A Survivor's Search for the Truth. Hodder Headline Ireland, Ltd. ISBN 978-0340937921

External links

• Official Miami Showband website
• Interim reports (more detail than 'final') of Irish parliamentary inquiries into Dublin and Monaghan bombings, Kay's Tavern bombing (includes Miami Showband killings information).
• Irish Daily Mail, 30 November 2006 for further information – click on article graphics to read them.
• BBC "On This Day" article about the Miami Showband killings.
• Miami Showband massacre remembered
• 'Miami Showband 1975 YouTube'