Jersey Airlines

Jersey Airlines

IATA JY ICAO Callsign
Founded	1948
Ceased operations	1968
Hubs	States' Airport, Jersey Croydon Airport (November 1948 — May 1958) London Gatwick Airport (May 1958 — 31 October 1968)
Fleet size	13 aircraft (1 Handley Page HPR.7 Dart Herald 200, 2 Handley Page HPR.7 Dart Herald 100, 6 Douglas DC-3 Dakota/ C-47 Skytrain, 4 de Havilland DH 114 Heron [as of April 1962])
Destinations	Europe
Parent company	British United Airways (1962 — 31 July 1963) Air Holdings (1 August 1963 — 31 October 1968)
Headquarters	States' Airport, Jersey
Key people	M.L. Thomas, Capt. B.W. Gardiner, T.C. Chandler, H.F. Popham, Capt. J.A. Spencer, H.I. Allan

Jersey Airlines Heron 1B at Manchester (Ringway) Airport in April 1955 on the schedule from Jersey

HPR.7 Herald 201 of Jersey Airlines landing at Manchester Airport in August 1962

Jersey Airlines was an early post-World War II private, independent^{[nb 1]} British airline formed in 1948. In 1952, the airline operated its first scheduled service. Four years later, British European Airways (BEA) took a 25% minority stake in Jersey Airlines and made it an "associate". In June 1958, a Jersey Airlines de Havilland Heron became the first commercial airliner to arrive at the newly reconstructed Gatwick Airport. In 1960, Jersey Airlines ordered four state-of-the-art Handley Page Dart Herald 200 series turboprops. By 1962, BEA had sold its 25% minority holding in Jersey Airlines. The same year, Jersey Airlines became part of the British United Airways (BUA) group of companies. In August 1963, Jersey Airlines changed its trading name to British United (C.I.) Airways. Following the BUA group's 1967/8 reorganisation, BUA (C.I.) was absorbed into British United Island Airways (BUIA) in November 1968.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}

History

During the summer of 1948, Welshman Maldwyn L. Thomas was working for a car rental company in St. Helier, Jersey, and arranged ad hoc charters for day trippers to be flown from London's Croydon Airport to Dinard in Brittany, France. Due to the growing popularity of these trips, in November of that year, he decided to form a company to offer such charter flights on a regular basis. That company was to be incorporated under the name Jersey Airlines Limited. However, its similarity to an existing company named Jersey Airways Limited, a recently nationalised airline that was absorbed into BEA, resulted in the new company being registered as Airlines (Jersey) Limited and using Jersey Airlines as its trading name.^[4]

In 1952, Jersey Airlines entered the scheduled service market.^[2] All scheduled services were marketed as Duchess Services.^[9] To aid the development of its scheduled route network, the airline concluded an "association" agreement with BEA. This also resulted in BEA acquiring a 25% minority shareholding in Jersey Airlines in 1956 and entailed the transfer of BEA's Southampton—Guernsey and Southampton—Alderney routes^{[nb 2]}.^[3][5][7] By winter 1956, Jersey Airlines' scheduled route network included Croydon, Bournemouth, Exeter, Manchester, and Southampton in England, Alderney, Guernsey and Jersey from the Channel Islands^{[nb 3]}, as well as Cherbourg, Dinard, Nantes, Saint-Brieuc and Paris Orly in France and Bilbao in Spain.^[10]

By May 1958, Jersey Airlines moved its main UK mainland operating base from Croydon to Gatwick. One of the airline's de Havilland Herons operated the first scheduled flight to arrive at the newly reconstructed airport.^[4]

At the 1960 Farnborough Airshow, Jersey Airlines placed an order for four brand-new, 50-seat Handley Page Dart Herald 200 turboprop airliners, each of which was powered by two Rolls-Royce Dart 7 engines, for delivery the following year. When Mr M.L. Thomas, the airline's chairman and managing director, signed the contract later that year, the number of aircraft on firm order was increased to six series 200 Dart Heralds. The first two were to be delivered in 1961, a further two in 1962 and the final two in 1963. Unforeseen design and production problems delayed the delivery of the first batch until summer 1962. To enable Jersey Airlines to introduce the Dart Herald into commercial service at the start of the 1962 summer timetable as planned, Handley Page supplied three interim aircraft - two smaller 44-seat Herald 100s as well as one 50-seat Herald 200. One of the two 100 series aircraft was the Herald's prototype/demonstrator while the other was the first production aircraft to be delivered to BEA. The first of Jersey Airlines' own aircraft sporting the airline's blue and gold livery including the civil air ensign on the tail was finally handed over to the airline in January 1963. Another three aircraft were delivered later the same year, resulting in most scheduled routes being served with the new turboprop type. Jersey Airlines marketed its new turboprops as Herald Class. (The older DC-3 and Heron piston airliners were marketed as Dakmaster Class and Duchess Class respectively.) The seasonal nature of Jersey Airlines' scheduled operation compelled it to charter Heralds to Lord Brothers, a contemporary package tour operator, as the summer season drew to a close. These planes flew British holidaymakers as far afield as Spain, Morocco, the Canary Islands as well as Athens and the Greek islands.^{[4][11][12][13]}

In 1961, Jersey Airlines carried 310,000 scheduled passengers.^[14] The same year, BEA terminated its association agreement with Jersey Airlines as both airlines had remained competitors on most routes, including those serving the important London — Channel Islands market.^[5]

The BUA group's takeover of Jersey Airlines in May 1962 followed BEA's disposal of its minority holding in its former regional "associate" on 31 March of that year.^[6][7][15] Together with the earlier acquisition of the British Aviation Services group, the Jersey Airlines takeover expanded the BUA group fleet to more than 100 aircraft and increased its payroll to 6,000.^[16] It also made BUA bigger than British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in terms of scheduled passengers carried.^[14] By that year's summer, Plymouth, Coventry, Glasgow and Belfast were added to the scheduled route network in the UK, while Amsterdam Schiphol, Nice, Quimper, Dublin and Cork joined the international scheduled route network^{[nb 4]}.^[17]

On 1 August 1963, Airlines (Jersey) Ltd dropped the Jersey Airlines trading name in favour of British United (C.I.) Airways^{[nb 5]} and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Holdings, the holding company set up by the group's shareholders in November 1961 to facilitate the creation of a large private sector airline through additional acquisitions of rival independent airlines.^{[4][8][9][18]}

The 1967/8 reorganisation of the BUA group's regional activities resulted in the amalgamation of BUA (C.I.), British United (Manx) Airways and Morton Air Services under the BUIA name. The new entity began trading on 1 November 1968.^[2]

Fleet details

Jersey Airlines operated the following aircraft types:

• de Havilland DH 89 Dragon Rapide
• de Havilland DH 114 Heron
• Douglas DC-3/C-47
• Handley Page HPR.7 Dart Herald 100/200

Fleet in 1962

In April 1962, the fleet of Jersey Airlines comprised 13 aircraft.^[13]

Jersey Airlines fleet in April 1962

Aircraft	Number
Handley Page HPR.7 Dart Herald 200	1
Handley Page HPR.7 Dart Herald 100	2
Douglas DC-3 Dakota/C-47 Skytrain	6
de Havilland DH 114 Heron	4
Total	13

Accidents and incidents

There are two recorded accidents. One of these was fatal,^[19][20] the other non-fatal.^[21]

The first accident on 15 August 1958 was non-fatal. It involved a Jersey Airlines de Havilland DH 114 Heron 1B (registration: G-AMYU) operating a freight flight to Guernsey. When the aircraft was on its final approach to Guernsey Airport, the pilot in command carried out a missed approach due to deteriorating weather conditions. The aircraft's second approach was a tailwind approach in the opposite direction. This resulted in the aircraft touching down on the grass next to the runway. Although the aircraft was damaged beyond repair as a result of continuing to slide sideways across a sunken road, the sole occupant (the aircraft's pilot) survived the accident.^[22]

The second accident on 14 April 1965 was a fatal. It involved a British United (C.I.) Airways Douglas C-47B-20-DK (registration: G-ANTB) operating a scheduled international passenger flight from Paris Orly to Jersey. Despite the deteriorating weather conditions at Jersey's States Airport, the crew decided to continue its approach to runway 27. This approach was abandoned because runway visual range fell below minima. When the aircraft made its second approach, it first hit a tree before striking the outermost pole of the approach light system at a height of 58 feet, 3,000 ft short of the runway threshold. This caused the aircraft to crash into the approach lights and catch fire, which killed 25 of the 26 occupants (three out of four crew members and all 22 passengers).^[19][20]

Notes

Notes

1. ^ independent from government-owned corporations
2. ^ Southampton—Dinard transferred at a later date
3. ^ including an inter-island service between the three main Channel Islands
4. ^ scheduled services to Bilbao had ceased in the meantime
5. ^ the British United (C.I.) Airways trading name was registered in mid-1962 for combined use on all Jersey Airlines and Silver City Airways Northern Division operations from 1 November 1962

Citations

1. ^ The Family Firm
2. ^ ^{a b c} airline timetable images — British United (C.I.) Airways, formerly Jersey Airlines, Channel Islands
3. ^ ^{a b} Flight International, 18 April 1958, World Airline Survey ..., p. 528
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} The early Days
5. ^ ^{a b c} Aeroplane — Air Transport: B.E.A. Breaks with Jersey, Vol. 101, No. 2610, p. 539, Temple Press, London, 26 October 1961
6. ^ ^{a b} Flight International, 12 April 1962, World Airline Survey — The UK Carriers ..., p. 547
7. ^ ^{a b c} Aeroplane — Jersey Airlines bought by B.U.A., Vol. 103, No. 2640, p. 5, Temple Press, London, 24 May 1962
8. ^ ^{a b} Aeroplane — World Transport Affairs: New name on U.K. domestic routes, Vol. 104, No. 2659, p. 12, Temple Press, London, 4 October 1962
9. ^ ^{a b c} Flight International, 11 April 1963, World Airline Survey, p. 517
10. ^ contemporary timetable images Jersey Airlines Winter Timetable 1956 — Surface Transport, p. 6
11. ^ Aeroplane — The Herald Enters Service, Vol. 100, No. 2587, pp. 546/7, Temple Press, London, 18 May 1961
12. ^ Flight International, 27 December 1962, Jersey's Heralds at Work - More routes, more passengers, good reliability, pp. 1000/1
13. ^ ^{a b} contemporary timetable images Jersey Airlines International Summer Timetable 1962 - Jersey Airlines Aircraft ..., p. 11
14. ^ ^{a b} Flight International, 31 May 1962, Air Commerce, Bigger and bigger British United, p. 849
15. ^ Golden Gatwick — 50 Years of Aviation, Chapter 9
16. ^ Aeroplane — By Uniting we stand ..., Vol. 103, No. 2643, p. 8, Temple Press, London, 14 June 1962
17. ^ contemporary timetable images Jersey Airlines International - Booking Offices
18. ^ Fly me, I'm Freddie!, p. 75
19. ^ ^{a b} ASN Aircraft accident description Douglas C-47B-20-DK G-ANTB — 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Jersey States Airport (JER)
20. ^ ^{a b} Flight International, 22 April 1965, Air Transport ..., Jersey Accident, p. 629
21. ^ Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Operator index > United Kingdom > Jersey Airlines
22. ^ ASN Aircraft accident description de Havilland DH 114 Heron 1B G-AMYU — Guernsey Airport (GCI), Channel Islands

References

• Eglin, Roger, and Ritchie, Berry (1980). Fly me, I'm Freddie. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-2977-7746-7. 
• Flight International. Sutton, UK: Reed Business Information. ISSN 0015-3710.  (various backdated issues relating to Jersey Airlines, 1948–1968)
• The Aeroplane. London, UK: Temple Press.  (various backdated issues relating to Jersey Airlines, 1961–1962)

Further reading

• Aircraft (Gone but not forgotten: Jersey Airlines). Hersham, UK: Ian Allen Publishing. June 2011. pp. 62–66. ISSN 2041-2150.  (Aircraft online)

External links

• The early Days
• The Family Firm
• Jersey Airlines at the Aviation Safety Network Database
• airline timetable images - British United (C.I.) Airways, formerly Jersey Airlines, Channel Islands
• de Havilland DH 114 Heron G-AORG sporting the original Jersey Airlines livery at Coventry Baginton on 14 December 2008