French submarine Doris (Q 135)

Career (France)
Name:	Doris
Builder:	Chantiers Schneider et Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône
Laid down:	1 February 1924
Launched:	25 November 1927
Commissioned:	26 May 1928
Fate:	Sunk, 9 May 1940
General characteristics
Class and type:	Circé-class coastal submarine
Displacement:	615 tons normal (surfaced)[1] 776 ton (submerged)[1]
Length:	62.48 m (204.99 ft)[1]
Beam:	6.2 m (20.34 ft)[1]
Draught:	3.99 m (13.09 ft)[1]
Propulsion:	Diesel/electric 2 shafts 1,200 bhp (895 kW) diesel (surfaced) 1,000 shp (746 kW) electric (submerged)
Speed:	14 knots (26 km/h) (surfaced) 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h) (submerged)
Endurance:	3,500 miles
Capacity:	60t (oil)
Complement:	41
Armament:	7 × 550 mm (22 in) torpedo tubes 1 × 75 mm (3.0 in) deck gun 2 × 13 mm (0.51 in) machine guns

Doris was a Circé-class coastal submarine of the French Navy, in service from 1928 until May 1940, when she was sunk off the Dutch coast by the German submarine U-9. The wreck was rediscovered by Dutch divers in 2003.

Service

Doris was already obsolete by the beginning of the Second World War. The Circé-class was designed shortly after the First World War, around 1923. That was the year the shipyard at Toulon begun construction on Doris and her three sister ships.^[2] She was launched in 1927 and commissioned in 1928.

By the beginning of the Second World War the boat was part of the 10th French submarine flotilla, which was moved to English port of Harwich in April 1940 to reinforce the Royal Navy. Doris, under captain Jean Favreul, crossed the English Channel on 14 April. During that time Doris suffered damage to the engine of the main gas compressor, responsible for producing the air to ascend after a dive.^[2] The machine could not be repaired in Harwich, nor could the work be done in France as there was no spare part; the original compressors had been designed and produced in Germany.^[2]

Despite being significantly crippled and unable to dive, Doris was ordered on 6 May 1940 to prepare for a sortie on patrol in the North Sea, north of the Frisian Islands, off the Dutch coast, guarding the east entrance to the English Channel, in anticipation of a possible German invasion of England.^[2] The captain and the crew openly admitted in their letters to their families that they were not expecting to come back.^[2] On 8 May the five British and seven French submarines, including Doris, departed to carry out their patrol.^[2] On the following night, shortly after midnight, Doris was torpedoed and sunk north west of the Dutch coast, 30 miles from Den Helder, by the German submarine U-9 under Wolfgang Lüth at 52°47.36′N 3°49.16′E / 52.78933°N 3.81933°E / 52.78933; 3.81933Coordinates: 52°47.36′N 3°49.16′E / 52.78933°N 3.81933°E / 52.78933; 3.81933.^[2] The entire crew of Doris, and three Royal Navy personnel, were lost.

Rediscovery

Dutch divers Hans van Leeuwen and Ton van der Sluijs discovered the wreck of Doris in 2003.^[2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Ton van der Sluijs, Discovery of Doris, 10 Mar, 2005

Further reading

• Robert C. Stern, The hunter hunted: submarine versus submarine : encounters from World War I to the present, Naval Institute Press, 2007, ISBN 1591143799, Google Print, p.72-73 (translation of Lüth log and discussion of Doris sinking)
• Paul E. Fontenoy, Submarines: An Illustrated History of Their Impact, ABC-CLIO, 2007, ISBN 1851095632, Google Print, p.184 (details of Circe class and end fates of all four submarines of that class)

External links

• Doris specs at uboat.net
• Images