De Schoolmeester, Westzaan

De Schoolmeester
De Schoolmeester, June 2003
Origin
Mill name	De Schoolmeester
Mill location	Guispad 3, 1551SX, Westzaan, Netherlands
Coordinates	52°28′07″N 4°47′19″E / 52.468611°N 4.788611°E / 52.468611; 4.788611Coordinates: 52°28′07″N 4°47′19″E / 52.468611°N 4.788611°E / 52.468611; 4.788611
Operator(s)	Vereniging De Zaansche Molen
Year built	1692
Information
Purpose	Paper mill
Type	Smock mill
Storeys	Three storey smock
Base storeys	Two storey base
Smock sides	Six sided smock
Number of sails	Four sails
Type of sails	Common sails
Windshaft	Cast iron
Winding	Tailpole and winch
Auxiliary power	Steam engine, later replaced by a gas engine, then a diesel engine then an electric motor.
Other information	Only remaining wind powered paper mill in the world

De Schoolmeester is a smock mill in Westzaan, Noord Holland, the Netherlands which is maintained in full working order. It is the only wind powered paper mill in the world.^[1] The mill is listed as Rijksmonument number 40013.^[2]

History

The first paper mill in the Zaan region was built in 1605.^[3] De Schoolmeester was built in 1692.^[1] It is also known by the nickname De Gauwdief.^[4] The name De Schoolmeester (English: The Schoolmaster) probably denotes the occupation of one of the founders. The mill originally made grey paper. In 1778, the mill was powering two Hollander beaters. In 1852, the mill was bought by Gerbrand de Jong, who owned another wind-powered paper mill, De Kaarsenmaker at Zaandijk. He bought another nearby paper mill, De Vergulde Bijenkorf in 1854. In 1871, the mills were owned by Gebroeders de Jong, who demolished De Kaarsenmaker in the autumn of 1873. In 1877, the mill was modernised and a steam engine installed as auxiliary power. This meant that the mill was uninsureable against fire. In 1902, the nearby De Vergulde Bijenkorf burnt down. A steam driven paper factory was erected to replace it. This factory was able to make white paper. A fire started at De Schoolmeester in 1915 but was extinguished.^[5] In 1948, the steam engine was replaced by a Ford gas engine. On 1 March 1949, the drying sheds were damaged in a storm, with over 30 metres (98 ft) of them being affected. They were rebuilt shorter than they had been previously.^[4] On 28 August 1957, De Schoolmeester was sold to Vereniging van Nederlandsche Papierfabrikanten by the de Jongs.^[5] In 1964, the gas engine was replaced by a Bernard diesel engine.^[4] In 1977, the mill was bought by Vereniging Zaansche Molens.^[3]. The diesel engine was replaced by an electric motor in 1979.^[4] A four-year restoration of the mill at a cost of €450,000 was completed in June 2002. The work included complete renewal of the drying sheds.^[3]

The number of times the sails revolved in recent years is recorded as:-^[4]

Year	Revolutions
2002	558,000
2003	435,115
2004	649,896
2005	589,336
2006	560,379
2007	630,406
2008	537,498

Description

For an explanation of the various items of machinery, see Mill machinery.

Edge runner stones

Stamp mill

De Schoolmeester is a six-sided smock mill with a stage, built on a two storey base.^[3] The stage is 3.80 metres (12 ft 6 in) above ground level.^[2] The mill itself is at the centre of a long range of drying sheds of green painted weatherboard under a pantile roof. The mill and cap are thatched with reeds. The cap is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four common sails drive the various items of paper making machinery. There are three Hollander beaters.^[3] The sails on the inner stock span 20.50 metres (67 ft 3 in) and the sails on the outer stock span 20.70 metres (67 ft 11 in). They are carried on a cast iron windshaft which was cast by Leiden millwrights D A Schrettlen & Co in 1860.^[2]

Papermakers

• Gerbrand de Jong (1852-71)
• Gebroeders de Jong (1871-1952)
  • W Kat (1859-1929)
  • Cees Kruidenburg (1895-1955)
• Vereniging van Nederlandsche Papierfabrikanten (1952-77)
• Vereniging Zaansche Molens (since 1977)

Reference for above:-^[2]

Public access

De Schoolmeester is open from 10:00 to 16:00, Monday to Friday, and at other times by appointment.^[6]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Reynolds, John (1974). Windmills & Watermills. London: Hugh Evelyn. pp. p173–74. ISBN 238.78943.8. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "Technische gegevens" (in Dutch). Vereniging De Zaansche Molens. http://www.molens.nl/dbase/molen.php?&molenid=658. Retrieved 7 July 2009. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} "History of De Schoolmeester" (in Dutch). Vereniging De Zaansche Molens. http://www.zaanschemolen.nl/page.asp?id=258984&pid=5310&mid=5328. Retrieved 7 July 2009. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Westzaan, Noord Holland" (in Dutch). Vereniging De Hollandsche Molen. http://www.molendatabase.nl/nederland/molen.php?nummer=741. Retrieved 7 July 2009. 
5. ^ ^{a b} "Geschiedenis" (in Dutch). Vereniging De Zaansche Molens. http://www.molens.nl/dbase/molen.php?&molenid=658. Retrieved 7 July 2009. 
6. ^ "Informatie" (in Dutch). Vereniging De Zaansche Molens. http://www.molens.nl/dbase/molen.php?&molenid=658. Retrieved 7 July 2009.