Curculio caryae

Curculio caryae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Curculionidae
Genus:	Curculio
Species:	C. caryae
Binomial name
Curculio caryae G. H. Horn, 1873

The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an obligate feeder on the nuts of North American hickories and pecans (Carya species), most widely recognized as an economically important pest of the pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Fagales: Juglandaceae).^[1][2] It has also been observed to infest one Juglans species, the Persian walnut, Juglans regia.^[3]

Adult pecan weevils are approximately ³⁄₈ inches (9.5 mm) long, medium-brown beetles with a proboscis of equal length to their body, which has mouthparts at the distal end.^[4] The females use their proboscis to chew a hole through the husk of developing nuts and deposit eggs inside, which hatch into legless, creamy-white larvae with reddish-brown head capsules that feed inside the nuts from late summer through fall, developing through several instars up to ³⁄₅ in (15 mm) long at full growth.^[4] In late fall and early winter, mature larvae chew a small hole in the nut shell and drop to the ground, where they burrow into the soil and construct a cell in which they remain for eight to ten months before pupating and transforming into adults.^[4] Newly formed adults remain in their cells in the soil and emerge the following year, two years after the beginning of the cycle, although some larvae do not pupate and transform to adults until an additional year has passed and the life cycle for some of each generation may take up to three years.^[4]

Their economic importance results from crop loss due to their feeding and egg laying on the developing pecan nuts causing them to drop from the tree, and the destruction of the edible nut kernel by the larvae feeding inside the shell.^[4]

References

1. ^ Marvin K. Harris & Dennis R. Ring (1979). "Biology of pecan weevil from oviposition to larval emergence". Southwestern Entomologist 4 (2): 73–85. 
2. ^ Ric Bessin (2010). "Nut Weevils". University of Kentucky College of Agriculture. ENTFACT-206. http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef206.asp. Retrieved August 28, 2011. 
3. ^ W. H. Foott & P. R. Timmins (1984). "Occurrence of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Persian walnut, Juglans regia". Canadian Entomologist 116 (1): 107. doi:10.4039/Ent116107-1. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Bastiaan M. Drees & John A. Jackman (1999). Field Guide to Texas Insects. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8771-9263-3.  Cited in "Pecan Weevil". Texas A&M University. http://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/bimg200.html. Retrieved August 28, 2011.