Bexhill West Branch Line

Bexhill West Branch Line
The Bexhill West Branch
Overview
Type	Heavy rail
System	Hastings Line
Status	Closed
Locale	East Sussex, United Kingdom
Termini	Crowhurst Junction 50°53′19″N 0°30′05″E / 50.8887°N 0.5014°E / 50.8887; 0.5014 (Crowhurst Junction station) Bexhill West 50°50′27″N 0°27′49″E / 50.8407°N 0.4635°E / 50.8407; 0.4635 (Bexhill West station)
Stations	3
Operation
Opened	1 June 1902
Closed	15 June 1964
Owner	Crowhurst, Sidley & Bexhill Railway (1902-05) South Eastern Railway (1905-22) Southern Railway (1923-47) British Railways (1948-64)
Operator(s)	South Eastern & Chatham Railway (1902-22) Southern Railway (1923-47) British Railways (1948-64)
Technical
Line length	4 miles 40 chains (7.24 km)
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Standard gauge

Bexhill West Branch Line
Legend Hastings Line to Tonbridge & SEML Crowhurst Hastings Line to Hastings Combe Haven Viaduct Sidley 3 miles 47 chains (5.77 km) Bexhill West 4 miles 40 chains (7.24 km)

The Bexhill West Branch Line was a short double track branch line which was opened on 1 June 1902. It was built by the Crowhurst, Sidley & Bexhill Railway under the patronage of the South Eastern Railway. Diverging from the Hastings Line at Crowhurst Junction, an intermediate station at Sidley was served before the terminus was reached at Bexhill West. The line was closed under the Beeching Axe on 15 June 1964.

History

Background

In the late nineteenth century, Bexhill had expanded rapidly.^[1] The town had been served by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway since the opening of Bexhill Central on 27 June 1846.^[2] In 1896, a line was promoted by the Crowhurst, Sidley and Bexhill Railway, which was nominally independent. The scheme was supported by the South Eastern Railway,^[1] which entered into an operating arrangement with the London, Chatham and Dover Railway which came into effect on 1 January 1899, forming the South Eastern and Chatham Railway.^[3] The Crowhurst, Sidley & Bexhill Railway Company was incorporated in 1897, and permission was granted in that year for the line's construction.^[4]

The construction of the branch included a new station at Crowhurst Junction (grid reference TQ 760 129), on the Hastings Line,^[1] where a private siding had existed since about 1877;^[5] an intermediate station at Sidley (TQ 743 090) and the terminus at Bexhill-on-Sea (TQ 735 074). Between Crowhurst Junction and Sidley, a major viaduct was built to carry the line across a valley.^[1] The line was supported by the South Eastern Railway because it was hoped that passengers would use that line instead of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway's routes to London, which were 10 miles (16 km) or 16 miles (26 km) longer, depending on whether one travelled via Keymer Junction or Eastbourne.^[1] Seven contractors' locomotives were used in the construction of the line, one of which was an 0-6-0ST named St Leonards. Over 300,000 cubic yards (230,000 m³) of earth was moved during the construction of the line.^[6] Initially, the line had some success, but following the electrification of the railway between Hastings and Brighton in 1935, traffic on the branch declined.^[4]

Description

The line diverged from the Hastings Line at a point 9 chains (180 m) south of Crowhurst Junction and headed in a generally southerly direction. After crossing the Combe Haven Viaduct, the line swung to the south west. Sidley station was reached at 3 miles 37 chains (5.57 km). The line then continued in a south westerly direction, which became southerly on the approach to Bexhill West, 4 miles 40 chains (7.24 km) from Crowhurst Junction.^[7] The line was double track throughout.^[1]

Operation

The line was operated from the outset by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. The South Eastern Railway absorbed the Crowhurst, Sidley and Bexhill Railway Company in 1905.^[4] Under the SE&CR, services were worked by the older classes of SER locomotives, which were stationed at Bexhill. These continued until 1936, when push-pull trains were introduced. Under British Railways, push-pull services were operated by H Class 0-4-4T locomotives.^[8] Through services between Bexhill and Charing Cross were worked by Schools Class 4-4-0 locomotives.^[9]; these were withdrawn at the beginning of the Second World War and never reinstated.^[10] Between 27 November 1949 and 5 June 1950, Bo Peep tunnel was closed to traffic and all services on the Hastings line were diverted to Bexhill West.^[5] A push-pull service operated between Crowhurst Junction and West St Leonards during the closure of the tunnel.^[11]

When steam was eliminated from the Hastings Line, Diesel-Electric Multiple Units took over the services.^[8] This took place in June 1958; a new timetable was introduced at the same time, providing the line with an hourly service.^[10] During the latter years of steam on the Hastings Line, a service between Etchingham and Bexhill West was operated for schoolchildren.^[6] It was continued during the early years of the Hastings Diesel units; these were six-car trains, but the service was not shown in public timetables.^[12]

Closure

It is claimed that the timetables were altered to the detriment of those commuters who wished to use the line. Fares were also raised, adding a further disincentive. The line was closed as part of the Beeching Axe.^[13] The last day of public services was 14 June 1964. Some of the services on that day were operated by 6S DEMU № 1007,^[14] and 2H DEMU № 1120. The 6S was running reduced to four carriages at the time.^[15]

Combe Haven Viaduct

The largest structure on the line was the Combe Haven Viaduct (grid reference TQ 763 104),^[1] which was also known as the Filsham, Sidley or Crowhurst Viaduct.^[9] It was 416 yards (380 m) long,^[16] and 67 feet (20.42 m) high, with seventeen arches. The viaduct took two years to build, due to the nature of the ground it was built on.^[1] Built at a cost of £244,000,^[17] over 9,000,000 bricks were used in the construction of the viaduct.^[1] Concrete blocks were used for the foundations, each one measuring 52 feet (16 m) by 30 feet (9.1 m) and 32 feet (9.8 m) deep.^[17][18] Following the closure of the line, it was proposed in late 1968 to demolish the viaduct. Local residents were opposed to the plan, and a question was asked in Parliament by Neill Cooper-Key regarding the preservation of the viaduct, which was not listed. Kenneth Robinson answered that British Railways were prepared to transfer ownership of the viaduct to any group willing to take it, but that maintenance costs were considerable.^[19] The viaduct was demolished in two stages, on 23 May and 12 June 1969.^[17]

Stations

Crowhurst Junction

Crowhurst Junction was built to serve the branch. The station was provided with two through tracks and two tracks to serve the platforms. Each platform had a bay serving the branch.^[1] Crowhurst Junction was 9 chains (180 m) south of the station.^[7]

Sidley

Opening with the branch on 1 June 1902, Sidley station closed temporarily on 1 January 1917, not reopening until 14 June 1920.^[20]

Bexhill West

Bexhill West was originally named Bexhill. It closed temporarily on 1 January 1917, reopening on 5 November the same year. It was renamed three times: to Bexhill-on-Sea in 1920; on 9 July 1923 it became Bexhill (Eastern); finally becoming Bexhill West in November 1929.^[18][21] The station was provided with two pairs of platforms, two signal boxes, an extensive goods yard,^[22] and an engine shed.^[23] Only one of the two pairs of platforms saw regular use.^[22]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} "BEXHILL WEST BRANCH". Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society. http://www.sussexias.co.uk/articles/branch_4.htm. Retrieved 8 August 2010. 
2. ^ Hamilton Ellis 1971, p. 19.
3. ^ Kidner 1963, p. 19.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Oppitz 1987, pp. 104-05.
5. ^ ^{a b} Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 91.
6. ^ ^{a b} Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 92.
7. ^ ^{a b} Railway Clearing House Diagrams 1914, map 100, inset.
8. ^ ^{a b} Gough 1999, p. 10-11.
9. ^ ^{a b} Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 93.
10. ^ ^{a b} Welch 2004, p. 90.
11. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1987, figure 110.
12. ^ Beecroft 1986, p. 40.
13. ^ "The last post ...". The Bexhill Observer. 21 September 2007. http://www.bexhillobserver.net/Register.aspx?ReturnURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bexhillobserver.net%2Fobserver-opinion%2FThe-last-post-.3221034.jp. Retrieved 8 August 2010. ^{[dead link]}
14. ^ Beecroft 1986, p. 47.
15. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1987, Figure 99.
16. ^ Jewell 1984, p. 133.
17. ^ ^{a b c} "Railways and Stations". Hastings Choice. http://www.hastingschoice.co.uk/HASTINGS-HISTORY/hastings-railways/railways-history.htm. Retrieved 8 August 2010. 
18. ^ ^{a b} Kidner 1963, p. 33.
19. ^ "Crowhurst Viaduct". Hansard. http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1969/jan/21/crowhurst-viaduct#S5CV0776P0_19690121_CWA_70. Retrieved 8 August 2010. 
20. ^ Butt 1995, p. 212.
21. ^ Butt 1995, p. 33.
22. ^ ^{a b} Whitehouse & St John Thomas 1992, pp. 135-37.
23. ^ Griffiths 1989, p. 20.

Sources

• Beecroft, Geoffrey (1986). The Hastings Diesels Story. Chessington: Southern Electric Group. ISBN 0 906988 20 9. 
• Butt, R.V.J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Yeovil: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1 85260 508 1. R508. 
• Gough, Terry (1999). Branch Lines Recalled. Great Addington: Silver Link Publishing. ISBN 1 85794 126 8. 
• Griffiths, Roger (1989). Southern Sheds in Camera. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company / Haynes. ISBN 0-86093-415-2. T415. 
• Hamilton Ellis, C. (1971). The London Brighton and South Coast Railway. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 071100269X. 
• Jewell, Brian (1984). Down the line to Hastings. Southborough: The Baton Press. ISBN 0 85936 223 X. 
• Kidner, R. W. (1963). The South Eastern & Chatham Railway. Tarrant Hinton: The Oakwood Press. 
• Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith (1987). Southern Main Lines, Tonbridge to Hastings including the Bexhill West Branch. Midhurst: Middleton Press. ISBN 978 0 906520 44 4. 
• Oppitz, Leslie (1987). Sussex Railways Remembered. Newbury: Countryside Books. ISBN 0 905392 99 X. 
• Railway Clearing House. Pre-Grouping Railway Junction Diagrams, 1914. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0 7110 1256 3. 
• Whitehouse, Patrick; St John Thomas, David (1992). The Great Days of the Southern Railway. London, New York, Sydney, Toronto: Book Club Associates. CN9378. 
• Welch, Michael (2004). Southern DEMUs. Capital Transport. ISBN 185414287-9. 

Further reading

• Harding, Peter A. (2002). The Bexhill West Branch Line. Woking: Peter A. Harding. ISBN 09523 45862. 

Map of all coordinates from Google Map of all coordinates from Bing
Export all coordinates as KML
Export all coordinates as GeoRSS
Map of all microformatted coordinates
Place data as RDF

Coordinates: 50°51′40″N 0°30′00″E / 50.8611°N 0.5001°E / 50.8611; 0.5001