- Council of Ministers of Russia
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The Russian Council of Ministers is an executive governmental body that brings together the principal officers of the Executive Branch of the Russian government.
Contents
Imperial Russia
Committee of Ministers
The Ministries and the Committee of Ministers (Комитет Министров) were created in the early 19th century as part of the Government reform of Alexander I. The Committee was an advisory board for the Emperor but could only consider matters referred to it by the monarch or when details for implementation of policy were brought to it by ministers. However, the Committee had little collective power and did not make decisions, just recommendations. When the monarch presided personally over Committee meetings it was referred to as a council as the monarch had decision/policy making authority that the committee did not possess.
Chairmen of the committee of Ministers (de facto), 1802 – 1810
- Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov (1802–1804) as Imperial Chancellor and Foreign Minister
- Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (1804–1806) as Foreign Minister
- Andrei Yakovlevich Budberg (1806–1807) as Foreign Minister
- Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev (1807–1810) as Foreign Minister
Chairmen of the committee of Ministers, 1810 – 1905
- Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev (1810–1812)
- Nikolay Ivanovich Saltykov (1812–1816)
- Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin (1816–1827)
- Viktor Pavlovich Kochubey (1827–1834)
- Nikolay Nikolayevich Novosiltsev (1834–1838)
- Illarion Vasilyevich Vasilchikov (1838–1847)
- Vasily Vasilyevich Levashov (1847–1848)
- Aleksandr Ivanovich Chernyshov (1848–1856)
- Aleksey Fyodorovich Orlov (1856–1861)
- Dmitry Nikolayevich Bludov (1861–1864)
- Pavel Pavlovich Gagarin (1865–1872)
- Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev (1872–1879)
- Pyotr Aleksandrovich Valuyev (1879–1881)
- Mikhail Khristoforovich Reutern (1881–1887)
- Nikolai Khristianovich Bunge (1887–1895)
- Ivan Nikolayevich Durnovo (1895–1903)
- Sergei Yulyevich Witte (1903–1905)
Council of Ministers
After Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto of 1905 granting civil liberties and a national legislature (Duma and a reformed State Council), the Committee was replaced with a Council of Ministers. Unlike the Committee of Ministers, this council was presided over by a Chairman (Совет министров) besides the Emperor, and functioned as a policy making cabinet with its Chairman acting as Prime Minister (head) of the government. As a result, from 1905-1917 the Council of Ministers collectively decided the government's policy, tactical direction, and served as a buffer between the Emperor and the national legislature.
Soviet Russia
Main article: Council of People's Commissars (Russia)The Sovnarkom of the RSFSR was the basis for all Soviet governments, including both Union and republican levels, until 1946, when all of the Sovnarkoms were renamed Council of Ministers. With the leading role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) fixed in Stalin Constitution of 1936, the governments were little more than the executive bodies of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The leading role was also fixed in Soviet Constitution of 1977 and was not overruled until 1991.
Russian Federation
Main article: Government of the Russian FederationAfter the fall of the Soviet Union the Russian Council of Ministers became the chief body of administration for the President of the Russian Federation. At times it consisted of as many as 60 ministries and state committees and up to 12 Vice-Premiers. After the 2004 reform, Government duties were split between 17 Ministries, 7 Federal Services and over 30 governmental Agencies.
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation and confirmed by the State Duma. The Chairman is second in line to succeed to the Presidency of Russia if the current President dies, is incapacitated or resigns.
See also
Executive authorities of the Russian Federation Offices subordinated to the President of RussiaMinistry of Internal Affairs Police of the Russian Federation • Federal Migratory ServiceMinistry of Foreign Affairs Agency of CIS affairsMinistry of Defence Service of Military-Technical Cooperation · Service of Technical and Export Control · Service for Defence Contracts · Agency of Special ConstructionMinistry of Justice Service of Execution of Punishments · Service of Court BailiffsPresidential Services
and DirectoratesForeign Inteligence Service · Federal Security Service · Service on the Control Over a Turnover of Narcotics · Federal Protective Service · State Special Courier Service · Chief Directorate of Special Programs of the President · Directorate of the PresidentOffices subordinated to Government of RussiaService of Supervision in the Sphere of Protection of the Rights of Consumers and the Well-being of the Consumer · Service of Supervision in the Sphere of Public Health Services and Social Development · Service of Work and Employment · Medical and Biologic Agency Ministry of Culture Federal Archival AgencyMinistry of Education
and ScienceService for Supervision in the Sphere of Education and Science · Service for Intellectual Property, Patents and Trademarks · Agency of Education · Agency of Science and InnovationMinistry of Natural Resources
and the EnvironmentService of Supervision in Sphere of Wildlife Management · Agency of Water Resources · Agency on the use of Mineral Resources · Service of Ecological, Technological and Nuclear SupervisionMinistry of Industry and Trade Agency of Communication · Agency on Information Technologies · Agency on Press and Mass Communications · Surveillance Service for Mass Communications, Communications and Cultural Heritage Protection Ministry of Agriculture Service of Veterinary and Fytosanitory Supervision · Agency on ForestryMinistry of Transport Federal Service of Supervision in Sphere of Transport · Air Transport Agency · Road Agency · Agency of Railway Transportation · Agency of Sea and River TransportMinistry of Finance Federal Tax Service · Service of Insurance Supervision · Service of Financial-Budgetary Supervision · TreasuryAgency for State Reserves · Agency for State Property Management · State Statistics Governmental committees,
services and agenciesState committee on Fishery · Federal Antimonopoly Service · Service for Hydrometeorology and the Monitoring of the Environment · Federal Customs Service · Service on Tariffs · Federal Financial Monitoring Service · Financial Market Service · Federal Space Agency · Agency for Deliveries of Military and Special Equipment of Material Means · Agency on the Arrangement of the State BoundaryCategories:- Government of Russia
- Government of the Russian Empire
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