October Manifesto

October Manifesto
Demonstration 17 October 1905 by Ilya Repin
(Russian Museum. St. Petersburg).

The October Manifesto (Russian: Октябрьский манифест, Манифест 17 октября) was issued on 17 October, 1905 (30 October in the Gregorian calendar) by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia under the influence of Count Sergei Witte as a response to the Russian Revolution of 1905.

The official name of the document is The Manifesto on the Improvement of the State Order (Манифест об усовершенствовании государственного порядка). The manifesto addressed the unrest in Russia and pledged to grant civil liberties to the people: including personal immunity, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of association; a broad participation in the Duma; introduction of universal male suffrage, uncensored newspapers and a decree that no law should come into force without the consent of the state Duma.

The manifesto was a precursor of the first ever Russian Constitution.

The manifesto and the constitution resulted in insignificant democratization as the Tsar continued to exercise veto power over the Duma, which he dissolved and reformed several times.

Opposition

The October Manifesto divided opposition to Tsar Nicholas II. It was issued on 30 October 1905, during the '1905 Revolution.' The Kadets were appeased by the idea of having freedom of speech and a truly representative government, and the Union of October 17 or more informally Octobrist Party took their name from this manifesto. However, the Marxists maintained that Nicholas had really only made a small concession. The Duma was only a shell of democracy as it could not pass laws without the approval of the Tsar and freedom of speech was heavily regulated. Nicholas II demonstrated his hold on power by dismissing the first and second Duma.

References

  • The Memoirs Of Count Witte New York & Toronto (1921), Armonk, New York (1990). ISBN 0-87332-571-0.
  • Fiehn, Terry. (1996). Russia & The USSR 1905-1941. Hodder Headline Group, London. ISBN 0-7195-5255-9.

Link

The October Manifesto of 1905


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • October Manifesto — Document issued by Tsar Nicholas II in October 1905. In response to the unrest caused by the Russian Revolution of 1905 and on the advice of his minister Sergey Witte, Nicholas promised to guarantee civil liberties and establish a popularly… …   Universalium

  • October Manifesto — (1905)    The response of Nicholas II to Revolution of 1905 in Russia. By 1900, Russia faced serious problems: a changing social structure, a growing revolutionary movement, and political stagnation. Coupled with the disastrous Russo Japanese War …   Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914

  • October 17 — << October 2011 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 …   Wikipedia

  • Manifesto — For other uses, see Manifesto (disambiguation). A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions, often political in nature. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds. Manifestos may also be life… …   Wikipedia

  • manifesto — /man euh fes toh/, n., pl. manifestoes. a public declaration of intentions, opinions, objectives, or motives, as one issued by a government, sovereign, or organization. [1640 50; < It; see MANIFEST (adj.)] * * * (as used in expressions) Communist …   Universalium

  • Manifesto of the Sixteen — Created 1916 Authors Jean Grave Peter Kropotkin Signatories See below …   Wikipedia

  • Manifesto Games — was an ecommerce retailer of downloadable computer games, specializing in independently developed games aimed at hardcore gamers.[1] It was founded in October 2005 by Greg Costikyan and Dr. Johnny L. Wilson,[2][3] former editor of Computer Gaming …   Wikipedia

  • October Crisis — This article is about the kidnappings in Canada. For other uses, see October Crisis (disambiguation). Part of the series on History of Montreal …   Wikipedia

  • Manifesto for Walloon culture — Sequence of Saint Eulalia [1] The Manifesto for Walloon Culture (Manifeste pour la culture wallonne), was published in Liège on 15 September 1983 and signed ‘by seventy five key figures in artistic, journalistic and university circles’[2 …   Wikipedia

  • Manifesto of the Oppressed Black Mauritanian — The Manifesto of the Oppressed Black Mauritanian (French: Le Manifeste du Négro Mauritanien Opprimé) was published in April, 1986 by the African Liberation Forces of Mauritania, a paramilitary group which promoted the rights of the oppressed… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”