Constitutional court

This article is a list of constitutional courts. For information about constitutional courts in general, see Constitution

Austrian Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof, VfGH), building of the former Böhmische Hofkanzlei, Judenplatz 11 in Vienna

Bundesverfassungsgericht (BVerfG) in Karlsruhe

A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether or not laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether or not they conflict with constitutionally established rights and freedoms.

The list in this article is of countries that have a separate constitutional court. Many countries do not have separate constitutional courts, but instead delegate constitutional judicial authority to their supreme court. Nonetheless, such courts are sometimes also called "constitutional courts"; for example, some have called the Supreme Court of the United States "the world's oldest constitutional court" because it was the first court in the world to invalidate a law as unconstitutional (Marbury v. Madison), even though it is not a separate constitutional court. Austria established the world's first separate constitutional court, conceptualised by Hans Kelsen, in 1920 (though it was suspended, along with the constitution that created it, from 1934 to 1945^{[citation needed]}); before that, only the U.S. and Australia had adopted the concept of judicial review through their supreme courts.

Constitutional court of Russia.

Countries with separate constitutional courts include:

Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Central African Republic Chile Colombia Congo Dominican Republic Costa Rica Croatia

Czech Republic Czechoslovakia (first 1921, federal in April–December 1992) Ecuador Egypt France Georgia Germany Greece Guatemala Hungary Indonesia Iran Italy Kazakhstan

Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Madagascar Mali Moldova Mongolia Myanmar[1] Peru Poland Portugal Romania

Russia Serbia Sao Tome and Principe Slovakia Slovenia South Africa South Korea Spain Republic of China (Taiwan) Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Uganda Ukraine Uzbekistan

See also

• Constitution
• Constitutionalism
• Constitutional economics
• Judiciary
• Jurisprudence
• Rule of law
• Rule According to Higher Law

Footnotes

1. ^ The Fundamental Principles of Myanmar (Burma's) draft constitution include the establishment of a new constitutional tribunal. If the constitution is approved by referendum in May 2008, it would be the second common law country to have a constitutional court separate from its supreme court (After South Africa).