- Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
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Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
Mouvement pour la Liberation du CongoLeader Jean Pierre Bemba The 2006 Presidential election candidate Jean Pierre Bemba Founded April 5, 2003 Headquarters 6, Avenue du Port, Gombe, Kinshasa Ideology Nationalism, populism Official colours Blue, yellow Website http://www.mlccongo.org/ Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Political parties
ElectionsThe Movement for the Liberation of the Congo (French: Mouvement pour la Liberation du Congo) is a political party in Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was a rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of Congo that fought the government throughout the Second Congo War. It subsequently took part in the transitional government and is now the main opposition party. It is often referred to by its original French name Mouvement de Libération du Congo and sometimes Mouvement de Libération Congolais.
During the war, the MLC was backed by the government of Uganda and controlled much of the north of the country, in particular the province of Équateur. It is led by former businessman Jean-Pierre Bemba, who became vice-president following the 2002 peace agreement. The town of Gbadolite is the headquarters of the MLC. The MLC was the primary instrument of Uganda during the war, as the Rally for Congolese Democracy was dominated by Rwanda. As part of the Inter-Congolese dialogue, Brig-Gen Malik Kijege of the MLC was named head of military logistics, while Maj-Gen Dieudonné Amuli Bahigwa was named head of the navy. Two of the DRC's ten military districts were also given to the MLC, and Bemba was allowed to appoint and dismiss the foreign minister of the DRC.
Bemba, as the MLC candidate, came second in the 2006 presidential election, and the party gained 64 out of 500 seats in the parliament - the second highest number for any political party. In the 19 January 2007 Senate elections, the party won 14 out of 108 seats.
Fighting broke out in Kinshasa in March 2007 between the army and Bemba's guards, who were supposed to have been integrated into the army but had not been due to what were said to be concerns about Bemba's security. The army prevailed in the fighting, and Bemba took refuge in the South African embassy.[1] On April 8, the MLC released a statement in which it said that its headquarters had been occupied by government forces since the fighting and that it was being persecuted through arbitrary arrests and intimidation.[2] On April 13, the party suspended its participation in the National Assembly (but not in the Senate) due to what it described as a "climate of permanent insecurity". This came shortly after the alleged looting of the home of a MLC member of parliament by government forces.[3] On April 21, the party was allowed access to its previously-occupied buildings in the capital, which were found to have been plundered.[4] On April 25, the party ended its boycott of the National Assembly after Kabila agreed to meet with representatives of the opposition.[5][6]
Following the killing of Daniel Botethi, a member of the MLC who was serving as Vice-President of the Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa, the MLC announced on July 6, 2008 that it was suspending its participation in the National Assembly, the Senate, and the Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa.[7] The MLC ended this boycott after a week.[8]
References
- ^ "Bemba fighters 'surrender'", Associated Press (IOL), March 28, 2007.
- ^ "DRC opposition party hits out at government", AFP (IOL), April 9, 2007.
- ^ "Bemba's party concerned about security", Reuters (IOL), April 14, 2007.
- ^ "RDCongo: les députés de Bemba réintègrent le siège saccagé de leur parti", AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), April 21, 2007 (French).
- ^ Joe Bavier, "Bemba's MLC returns to parliament", Reuters (IOL), April 26, 2007.
- ^ "RDCongo: retour à l'Assemblée des députés de Bemba, rencontre avec Kabila jeudi", AFP (Jeuneafrique.com), April 25, 2007.
- ^ "The MLC suspends its participation in the National Assembly and the Senate", Le Potentiel (congoplanet.com), July 7, 2008.
- ^ Franz Wild, "Congo Murder Accused Alleges Governor Ordered Hit, Lawyer Says", Bloomberg.com, July 18, 2008.
External links
Political parties in Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Major parliamentary parties - Alliance of the Presidential Majority (People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy - Movement for the Liberation of Congo - Unified Lumumbist Party - Social Movement for Renewal - Forces for Renewal - Congolese Rally for Democracy - Coalition of Congolese Democrats - Convention of Christian Democrats - Union of Mobutuist Democrats - Camp of the Fatherland - Federalist Christian Democracy – Convention of Federalists for Christian Democracy - Christian Democrat Party- Union of Federalist Nationalists of Congo)
- Union for the Nation (Movement for the Liberation of Congo, Union for Congo's Reconstruction, Rally of Congolese Democrats and Nationalists, Convention for the Republic and Democracy)
Major boycotting party Armed groups in the First and Second Congo Wars National armies Pro-governmentAnti-governmentMilitias and
rebel groupsRwanda-alignedAlliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL, Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance) • Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) • RCD–Goma • Banyamulenge (ethnic Tutsis in South Kivu) • RCD-Congo (faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)Uganda-alignedMovement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC, created in 1998) • RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération (RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999) • RCD-National (RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML) • Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) • Front de Libération du Congo (FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)Anti-government,
otherSudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) • National Union for Total Independence of Angola (UNITA, in Second War)Anti-RwandaInterahamwe • Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda (RDR, successor organization to the Interahamwe) . • Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997) • Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR, created in 2000)Anti-UgandaAllied Democratic Forces (ADF) • Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) • Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI)Anti-BurundiNational Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) • National Liberation Front (FLN/FROLINA)Government-aligned,
otherMai-Mai • National Union for Total Independence of Angola (UNITA, in First War)United Nations Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.Categories:- Second Congo War
- Political parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Political parties established in 2003
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