Emblem of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Emblem of Yugoslavia
Versions
Emblem of FPR Yugoslavia (1943-1963). This version featured five torches that represented the brotherhood and unity of the five Yugoslav nations.
Details
Use	As official emblem of Yugoslavia

The emblem of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia featured six torches, surrounded by wheat with a red star at its top, and burning together in one flame; this represented the brotherhood and unity of the six federal republics forming Yugoslavia: SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Croatia, SR Macedonia, SR Montenegro, SR Serbia and SR Slovenia. The date imprinted is 29 November 1943 - on this date the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) met in Jajce on its second meeting and formed the basis for post-war organisation of the country, establishing a federal republic (this date was celebrated as Republic Day after World War II).

History

During World War II (1943–1945), the Yugoslav state was named Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (DFY), in 1945 it was renamed Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPR Yugoslavia), and again in 1963 into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia). The emblem of socialist Yugoslavia was designed in 1943 and remained in use up to 1963, when the country underwent reforms and was renamed for the final time. It featured five torches surrounded by wheat and burning together in one flame; this represented the brotherhood and unity of the five nations of SFR Yugoslavia: Croats, Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, and Slovenes. The ethnic Muslims weren't represented as a constituent nation.

As part of the 1963 reforms, the name of the country was changed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its emblem was redesigned to represent six Yugoslav federal republics (instead of the five nations). The new emblem was the final version with six torches, and was in official use up to the country's dissolution in 1992. The date of the insignia remained the same, 29 November 1943, the date the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) met in Jajce on its second meeting.

Republic emblems

The emblems of the Yugoslav socialist republics were defined by each of its six constituent republics. Emblems appeared as a symbol of statehood on the documents of republican level, for example on the signs of the republican institutions, on watermarks of school diplomas, etc. The emblems included old historical symbols where they could to demonstrate historical compatibility with the new socialist political system – see Croatian and Serbian traditional emblem in the middle of their coats of arms; also Slovenian Mount Triglav was recognized as a symbol of Slovenian Liberation Front during the National Liberation War during World War II. Where the old symbols were deemed inappropriate (the traditional cross on the Serbian coat of arms, ethnic or religious coat of arms for Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former traditionally monarchist symbolism for Montenegro or the historical lion for Macedonia), prominent features or unofficial national symbols were added, e.g. mount Lovćen for Montenegro, chimneys for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In a similar fashion to the federal Yugoslav emblem all republican emblems featured a red star and wheat or other important plants of the region. The individual emblems of the six Yugoslav socialist republics were as follows:

Republic	Emblem	Author	Republic-specific features		Present-day coat of arms
SR Bosnia and Herzegovina		Unknown	Plants	Conifer twig (left), Deciduous twig (right), two sheaves of wheat (lower middle portion)	Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina
			Landscapes, geographic features	Silhouette of Jajce
			Industry	two factory chimneys
			Ornaments	red track
SR Croatia		Antun Augustinčić and Vanja Radauš[1]	Plants	Wheat	Coat of arms of Croatia
			Landscapes, geographic features	Adriatic Sea, Rising sun
			Industry	Iron anvil
			Ornaments	Chequy
SR Macedonia		Vasilije Popović–Cico[2]	Plants	Garland of wheat, tobacco leaves and poppy buds	Coat of arms of Macedonia
			Landscapes, geographic features	River Vardar, Mount Korab, sunrise, sky
			Industry	–
			Ornaments	ribbon with traditional Macedonian embroidery
SR Montenegro		Milan Božović[3] and Milo Milunović[3]	Plants	laurel wreath	Coat of arms of Montenegro
			Landscapes, geographic features	Mount Lovćen,[4] Adriatic Sea
			Industry	–
			Ornaments	Montenegrin[4] tricolour of Pan-Slavic colors
SR Serbia		Đorđe Andrejević Kun	Plant	sheaf of wheat (left), sheaf of oak leaves with acorns (right)	Coat of arms of Serbia
			Landscapes, geographic features	sunrise, sky
			Industry	cog-wheel
			Ornaments	red track (with inscriptions), Serbian traditional symbol
SR Slovenia		Branko Simčič	Plants	wheat, leaves of linden	Coat of arms of Slovenia
			Landscapes, geographic features	Triglav, sea[5]
			Industry	–
			Ornaments	red ribbon

See also

• Flag of Yugoslavia
• List of Yugoslav flags
• Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Coat of arms of Croatia
• Coat of arms of Macedonia
• Coat of arms of Montenegro
• Coat of arms of Serbia
• Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro
• Coat of arms of Slovenia

References

1. ^ Stuparić, Darko. Diplomati izvan protokola : ambasadori Titove Jugoslavije, Centar za kulturnu djelatnost Saveza socijalističke omladine Zagreba, Zagreb, 1978., p. 75.
2. ^ Jonovski, Jovan. Coats of arms of Macedonia, Macedonian Herald, Electronic Version, heraldika.org.mk, No. 3, March 2009, p. 9.
3. ^ ^{a b} Markuš, Jovan B. Grbovi, zastave i himne u istoriji Crne Gore (Библиотека Свети Петар Цетињски), "Svetigora" (Izdavačko-informativna ustanova Mitropolije Crnogorsko-primorske), Cetinje, 2007., p. 47-48., ISBN 978-86-7660-054-0
4. ^ ^{a b} Excerpt from the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro (1963) in: Guć, Nedeljko. (ed.) Društveno-političko uređenje, pravosuđe, uprava, (Zbirke propisa I-IV), knj. 1, Prosveta, Beograd, 1967, p. 303.

   Члан 7.
   Грб Социјалистичке Републике Црне Горе представља поље окружено ловоровим вијенцем који је доље повезан црногорском заставом. Између врхова ловоровог вијенца је петокрака црвена звијезда, а у средини поља представљен је Ловћен. Позади Ловћена с неколико вијуга представљено је Јадранско море.

   —Guć, 1967, 303

5. ^ 8. člen Ustave Socialistične republike Slovenije (1974)

External links

• Arms of Yugoslavia evolution, Archives of Serbia