Class 1000 Shinkansen

Class 1000
Artist's impression of Class 1000 Set A
In service	1962–1976
Manufacturer	Hitachi, Kawasaki Sharyo, Kisha, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo
Constructed	1961–1962
Scrapped	1975–1976
Number built	6 vehicles (2 sets)
Number preserved	0
Formation	2/4 cars per trainset
Fleet numbers	A/B sets
Operator	JNR
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	25,000 mm (82 ft 0 in)[1]
Width	3,380 mm (11 ft 1 in)
Doors	2 externally-opening sliding doors per side
Electric system(s)	25 kV AC, 60 Hz
Current collection method	Overhead catenary
Gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

Class 1000 (1000形^?) was the classification given to the two prototype Japanese Shinkansen trains built for high-speed testing ahead of the opening of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen in 1964.^[1]

Formations

Set A

1. 1001 (Mc) built by Kisha, seating capacity 56 (actual 16), DT9002 bogies
2. 1002 (MDc) built by Nippon Sharyo, seating capacity 80, DT9001 bogies

Set B

1. 1003 (Mc) built by Hitachi, seating capacity 70, DT9006 bogies
2. 1004 (MD) built by Hitachi, seating capacity 100, DT9004 bogies
3. 1005 (M) built by Kawasaki Sharyo, seating capacity 80, DT9005 bogies
4. 1006 (MDc) built by Kinki Sharyo, seating capacity 80, DT9003 bogies

Construction

All vehicles were of welded steel construction, and had rounded cab windows except for car 1006 which had an angular design which was ultimately used on the production 0 series vehicles. Due to differing vehicle construction, car 1004 in set B had unusual elongated hexagonal windows. Among the features not continued on the production 0 series units were externally sliding doors, and a translucent nose section illuminated from inside by fifteen 20 W fluorescent tubes. Cars 1002, 1004 and 1006 were fitted with auxiliary pantographs adjacent to the main pantographs.^[1]

Interior

Internally, each car featured a different seating configuration for assessment, as described below.

Car 1001 featured two rows each of rotating unidirectional 1st class and 2nd class seating arranged 2+2 abreast. These seats were the same as those used on 151 series limited express EMUs.^[2]

Car 1002 featured 2nd class seating arranged in back-to-back seating bays, 2+3 abreast with armrests. Seating pitch was 1,900 mm (74.80 in).

Car 1003 featured 2nd class flip-over reversible seating, 2+3 abreast with a seating pitch of 950 mm (37.40 in). This was the design ultimately used on the first production 0 series sets.

Car 1004 featured 2nd class flip-over reversible seating, 2+3 abreast with a seating pitch of 950 mm (37.40 in). The design differed from that used in car 1003 in that the seat backs were single-sided.

Car 1005 featured 2nd class seating arranged in 1,300 mm (51.18 in) wide back-to-back express-style seating bays, 3+3 with no armrests. Seating pitch was 1,900 mm (74.80 in).

Car 1006 featured 2nd class seating arranged in back-to-back seating bays, 2+3 abreast with armrests. Seating pitch was 1,900 mm (74.80 in).

Cars 1001, 1003, and 1005 had toilets and washbasins, Japanese and western style in cars 1001 and 1003, and both Japanese style in car 1005.^[1] Urinals were also provided – the first time on general Japanese trains other than dedicated school-trip EMUs.^[2]

History

Artist's impression of set A in its later guise as the Class 941 emergency train

The first car to be built, 1001, was delivered on 16 April 1962 from Tokyo Kisha's factory in Kōtō, Tokyo, and transferred by road and rail to Nippon Sharyo's Warabi factory in Kawaguchi, Saitama on 17 April.^[3] The 2-car set A was then unveiled to the press at Nippon Sharyo on 25 April 1962.^[2]

Test running was performed on the 32 km "model track" test section between Kamonomiya in Odawara and Ayase in Kanagawa prefecture from 26 June 1962.^[4] A speed of 190 km/h (118 mph) was first recorded on 27 October 1962 by set B, breaking the previous record of 175 km/h (109 mph) set by the narrow-gauge (1,067 mm/3 ft 6 in) KuMoYa 93 test train on 21 November 1960. A speed of 200 km/h (124 mph) was first recorded on 31 October 1962 by set B, 210 km/h (130 mph) was reached on 20 December 1962, 243 km/h (151 mph) was recorded on 19 March 1963, and on 30 March 1963, set B recorded a world speed record of 256 km/h (159 mph).^[1]

With the start of test-running and trial service on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen between Tokyo and Osaka in June 1964, set A was reclassified as a Class 941 emergency relief train (cars 941-1 and 941-2), and set B as a Class 922 track and overhead wire inspection train (set T1) (cars 922-1–4).^[5] The Class 941 remained out of use at Osaka Depot, and the Class 922 set was active until the new Class 922/10 set, T2, was delivered in 1974. All six prototype cars were cut up at Hamamatsu Works between 1975 and 1976, being used to test the cutting-up facilities ahead of the first batch of 360 0 series cars due for withdrawal.^[1]

Models

The Class 1000 Shinkansen is available in model form from Micro Ace.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. ISBN 4910065141258. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "新幹線の走るまで２　1001・1002号車完成 37-4-25 [Shinkansen Countdown 2: Car Nos. 1001 & 1002 delivered 25 Apr 1962]". Japan Railfan Magazine (Japan: Japan Railfan Club): p.28–31. June 1962. 
3. ^ "新幹線の走るまで１　No.1001号車廻送 37-4-17 [Shinkansen Countdown 1: Car No. 1001 delivered 17 Apr 1962]". Japan Railfan Magazine (Japan: Japan Railfan Club): p.26–27. June 1962. 
4. ^ Suda, Hiroshi (2000). 東海道新幹線 [Tōkaidō Shinkansen]. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. ISBN 4-533-03563-9. 
5. ^ Asahara, Nobuhiko (September 2008). "ガイドブック最盛期の国鉄車両73 東海道新幹線５ [Guidebook: Golden Years of JNR Trains 73 - Tokaido Shinkansen Part 5]". Rail Magazine (Japan: Neko Publishing Co., Ltd.) (300): p.164–177.