Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots

Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots

Chiran school girls wave farewell to a departing pilot with branches of cherry blossoms

The airbase at Chiran, south Kyūshū, Japan, served as the departure point for hundreds of Special Attack or kamikaze sorties launched in the final months of World War II. A peace museum dedicated to the pilots, the Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots (知覧特攻平和会館, Chiran Tokkō-Heiwa-Kaikan^?), now marks the site.

Airbase

The Imperial Japanese Army airbase at Chiran, with its two runways, was the principal kamikaze base during the Battle of Okinawa. Of the 1,036 army aviators who died in these attacks, 439 were from Chiran. Of the total number, 335 were classed as 'young boy pilots' (少年飛行兵).^[1][2]

Peace Museum

In 1975 a museum was built to commemorate the lives of the pilots and document their 'patriotic efforts for peace'.^[1][3] Enlarged in 1986, exhibits include four planes (a Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa, a 1943 Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien, a 1944 Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate, and a Mitsubishi Zero recovered from the seabed in 1980), letters, poems, essays, testaments, and other artefacts, photographs of the 1,036 pilots in the order in which they died, and a grand piano on which two of the pilots played the Moonlight Sonata the night before their final mission.^[1][2]

Other monuments

The Tokkō Kannondō (特攻観音堂^?) is a temple dedicated to the 'Special Attack Goddess of Mercy'.^[1] The image enshrined within is a 1.8m replica statue of the Yumechigai Kannon (夢違観音 Dream-Changing Kannon), a National Treasure from Hōryū-ji.^[1] The names of the kamikaze pilots are written on paper enclosed within her womb.^[1] It was erected in 1955 thanks to donations collected by Tome Torihama, who ran the Tomiya Inn frequented by the pilots and sought to redeem their memory after the war.^[4] Stone lanterns dedicated to the pilots line the approach to the museum.^[2]

Anecdotes

• Second Lieutenant Hujio Wakamatsu wrote 'Mother, I have nothing to say. In my last moment, and my first act of filial piety, I will smile and conquer. With dry eyes and knowing I have done well. Please offer some rice dumplings at our Buddhist mortuary tablet.'^[1]

• Major Hajime Fuji, a training instructor, presented his petition to serve as a kamikaze pilot written in blood; his wife drowned herself and their children so that he should have no conflicting ties.^[1][5]

• After the war, 'Two or three American soldiers jumped up on the planes and kicked them with their military boots. They ridiculed the planes with the following scornful words, "Look! So those kamikaze fellows came against us with these piddling worn-out planes. Did they think they could win with these toys? How stupid!"'^[6][7]

• When interviewed sixty years later, Shigeyoshi Hamazono, who took part in three abortive missions, suggested 'just like suicide bombers...we did it out of love for something'.^[8][9]

Film

The Firefly (ホタル Hotaru): popular Japanese film of 2001, directed by Yasuo Furuhata and centered around the character of Tome Torihama, who ran the Tomiya Inn in Chiran and treated the young kamikaze pilots as if they were her own sons.^[4][10]

I go to die for you (俺は、君のためにこそ死ににいく Ore wa, kimi no tame ni koso shini ni iku): 2007 film with screenplay by Tokyo Governor Shintaro Ishihara, based on his conversations with Tome Torihama, who died in 1992.^[11][12][13]

Reception

On 15 August each year, the anniversary of the date on which Hirohito announced the Japanese surrender, right-wing groups drive through Chiran in trucks blaring nationalist messages and songs.^[4] Over the rest of the year, up to a million visitors come to pay tribute to the fallen.^[4]

See also

• Japanese nationalism
• Japanese militarism
• Japanese Special Attack Units
• Suicide attack
• Cornerstone of Peace

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} "Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots (NB downloads slowly)". City of Minamikyushu. http://www.city.minamikyushu.lg.jp/contents/file/20110121145009.pdf. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots". Wesleyan University. http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/kamikaze/museums/chiran/index.htm. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
3. ^ "Chiran". Japan National Tourism Organization. http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/spn/kagoshima/map_plus_info/locations.html. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d} Cullen, Lisa Takeuchi (26 August 2002). "Ascent of the Fireflies". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,344136,00.html. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
5. ^ Summers, Chris (7 October 2002). "When death came before dishonour". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2266173.stm. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
6. ^ Sato, Sanae (2003). Tokkō no machi: Chiran (特攻の町:知覧; Special Attack Town: Chiran. Kojinsha. p. 203). ISBN 4-769-80829-1. 
7. ^ "Tokkō no Machi". Wesleyan University. http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/kamikaze/books/japanese/sato/index.htm. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
8. ^ Wallace, Bruce (3 October 2004). "Fate spared 'kamikaze survivors'". The Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002052723_kamikaze03.html. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
9. ^ McCurry, Justin (28 February 2006). "'We were ready to die for Japan'". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/feb/28/worlddispatch.secondworldwar. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
10. ^ "Hotaru (firefly)". Wesleyan University. http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/kamikaze/films/japanese/hotaru/index.htm. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
11. ^ Joyce, Colin (26 February 2007). "Japanese film to show nostalgia for 'bravery' of kamikaze pilots". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1543912/Japanese-film-to-show-nostalgia-for-bravery-of-kamikaze-pilots.html. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
12. ^ McNeill, David (24 July 2007). "Kamikaze survivors express regret and anger in new film". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/kamikaze-survivors-express-regret-and-anger-in-new-film-458450.html. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 
13. ^ Reynolds, Isobel (12 May 2007). "Japan's WWII 'kamikaze' film sparks talk of peace". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/05/12/us-japan-film-kamikaze-idUST26213420070512?pageNumber=1. Retrieved 4 February 2011. 

Further reading

Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (2002). Kamikaze, Cherry Blossoms, and Nationalisms: The Militarization of Aesthetics in Japanese History. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-62091-3. 

External links

• Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots
• Who became kamikaze pilots, and how did they feel towards their suicide mission? (IB essay published by The Concord Review, with select bibliography)