Cethosia cydippe

Cethosia cydippe
Cethosia cydippe chrysippe
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Cethosia
Species:	C. cydippe
Binomial name
Cethosia cydippe (Linnaeus, 1767)
Subspecies
See text
Synonyms
Papilio cydippe Linnaeus, 1767 Cethosia chrysonoe Godart, 1819 Papilio ino Cramer Papilio chrysippe Fabricius, 1775 Cethosia imperialis Butler, 1876 Cethosia insulata Butler, 1873 Cethosia cydippe coronilla Fruhstorfer, 1909 Cethosia cydippe praestabilis Fruhstorfer, 1909 Cethosia cydippe claudilla Fruhstorfer, 1912

Cethosia cydippe is a species of butterfly from Australia and Southeast Asia. The Australian subspecies, C. c. chrysippe, is known as the Red Lacewing butterfly.

Description

The imagines have scarlet wings with thick black edges and a diagonal white patch on the forewings. The underside is orange with similar white patches, and lines of black spots, each with a white outline.^[1] The wingspan is around 8 centimetres (3.1 in).^[1]

Ecology and life cycle

Pale yellow eggs are laid in groups of 50 on the host plant.^[1] The caterpillars which hatch from those eggs are herbivorous, feeding on vines in the family Passifloraceae, including Adenia heterophylla (lacewing vine) and Hollrungia aurantioides (Queensland passion-fruit).^[1] They are black with yellow bands and long black hairs, and form congregations on the host plants.^[1] The pupae are brown and spiky with black and gold markings, hang from a cremaster and resemble a dead leaf.^[1]

Taxonomy and distribution

It was described by Carl Linnaeus in the 1767 13th edition of Systema Naturae as Papilio cydippe. He had previously described a European species, now classified as Argynnis, under that name in Fauna Suecica. Centuria Insectorum. Although the Principle of Priority in zoological nomenclature would normally require the oldest name to be used, the 1767 name has been conserved against any earlier homonyms.^[2] Linnaeus quoted a type locality of India, but this has been interpreted as a reference to Indonesia, and the type locality is now Ambon.^[3]

A number of subspecies are recognised, including C. c. cydippe (Linnaeus, 1767) and C. c. chrysippe (Fabricius, 1775).^[3] C. c. cydippe occurs in the Aru Islands, the Kai Islands and Maluku in Indonesia, and on New Guinea, both in the Indonesian Irian Jaya and in Papua New Guinea.^[3] C. c. chrysippe was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in his Systema Entomologiae in 1775, as Papilio chrysippe, with a type locality of Cooktown, Queensland. The subspecies is endemic to Queensland, where it is found in the northern Gulf Country and northeast coastal region.^[3]

All recognised subspecies are^[4]:

• C. c. cydippe (Linnaeus, 1767)
• C. c. chrysippe (Fabricius, 1775)
• C. c. imperialis Butler, 1876 (Cape York to Townsville)
• C. c. bernsteini Felder (Bachan, Halmahera, Morotai)
• C. c. obiana Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Obi)
• C. c. iphigenia Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Buru)
• C. c. insulata Butler, 1873 (Kai Island)
• C. c. cydalima Felder, 1859 (Aru, Goram)
• C. c. cyrene Wallace, 1869 (Waigeu)
• C. c. damasippe C. & R. Felder, 1867 (New Guinea)
• C. c. lucina Fruhstorfer, 1905 (Jobi)
• C. c. schoutensis Joicey & Noakes, 1915 (Biak)
• C. c. cleanthis Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Trobriand Islands)
• C. c. alkmene Fruhstorfer, 1902 (D'Etrecasteaux Archipelago)
• C. c. woodlarkiana Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Woodlark Island)
• C. c. cenchrites Fruhstorfer, 1909 (New Guinea)

References

	Insects portal
	Arthropods portal

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Don Herbison-Evans & Stella Crossley (December 4, 2009). "Cethosia cydippe (Linnaeus, 1767), Red Lacewing, Heliconiinae, Nymphalidae". http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/nymp/cydippe.html. Retrieved June 17, 2011. 
2. ^ A. Steven Corbet (1949). "The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Part 7. Summary of determinations". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 18 (9–10): 191–200. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1949.tb01447.x. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} A. Wells & W. W. K. Houston (2001). "Nymphalinae". Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. 31. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 337–357. ISBN 9780643067004. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iVHDuVVelGMC&pg=PA325. 
4. ^ Markku Savela (March 11, 2011). "Cethosia". http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/heliconiinae/cethosia/index.html. Retrieved June 20, 2011. 

External lisnk

• Cethosia cydippe, Tree of Life Web Project