V. Kalyanasundaram

Tiruvarir Viruttacala Kalyanasundara Mudaliyar, ( _ta. திரு வி. கல்யாணசுந்தரம்) (1883—September 17, 1953), better known by his Tamil initials Thiru Vi Ka ("Mr. V.K."), was a Tamil scholar, essayist and activist. He is esteemed for the strong humanism of his essays, the analytical depth of his commentaries on classical Tamil literature and philosophy, and the clear, fluid style of his prose. His works, along with those of V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, Maraimalai Adigal, and Arumuga Navalar are considered to have defined the style of modern Tamil prose.

Thiru Vi. Ka was born in the village of Tullam, near Chennai in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu in 1883. He attended the Wesley College High School, and also studied Tamil under Maraimalai Adikal against N. Kathiravel Pillai of Jaffna. He worked briefly as a teacher, and in 1917 became an editorial assistant on Tesapaktan, a nationalist Tamil daily. Thiru Vi. Ka. was soon involved in various aspects of the independence movement. During this period, he became a strong campaigner for worker rights. In 1918, he became active in the trade union movement as an associate of BP Wadia, and organised the first trade unions in the south of India ref_harvard|Ses|Sesaiya 1989|none.

In 1920, Thiru. Vi. Ka. started the a new Tamil weekly magazine, titled "Navasakthi". Navasakthi would be the vehicle for his thoughts for much of the rest of his life. Thiru Vi. Ka. sought to make his magazine a beacon to the Tamil people. His writings reflected his political and philosophical views. He published one of the first Tamil interpretations of the thought of Mahatma Gandhi, which is still regarded as an important milestone in Gandhian studies. He wrote a number of works on the religious and spiritual thought of Ramalinga Swamigal, an influential Tamil Saivite philosopher-saint of the 19th century. He wrote commentaries on a number of works of classical Tamil literature, which appeared as serials in Navasakthi.

Over the course of his writing career, Thiru Vi. Ka. published over fifty books. These include "Manitha Vazhkkaiyum Gandhiyadigalum", a study of the implications of Gandhi's thought for human conduct. His "Pennin perumai allatu valkait tunai nalam" was one of the most read books of that period. Also very influential, albeit at a more critical level, is his study of the concept of Beauty in Hinduism, published as "Murugan alladhu azaku"(Lord Murugan or Beauty). His writings reflect the internationalism characteristic of Indian intellectuals of that period, a strong pride in Indian and Tamil culture, coupled with a strong belief in the unity and universal kinship of all human thought ref_harvard|Raj|Rajenthiran 1982|none.

In his writings, Thiru Vi. Ka. developed a prose style which built on the inner rhythms of the Tamil language and produced a rhythmic, flowing text. The field of Tamil prose was still relatively new, and the style he developed was extremely influential. His works are today seen as having given a new energy to the Tamil language and regarded as part of the foundations on which the modern Tamil prose style has been built ref_harvard|Rag|Raghavan 1965|none.

Through this period, Thiru Vi. Ka. continued to remain active in politics and the Indian independence struggle. He was considered to be one of the three pillars of the Indian National Congress in Tamil Nadu, even becoming the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee in 1926 ref_harvard|Can|Cankaran 1970|none. He spent much time touring Tamil Nadu, making speeches on the need for independence. He remained active well into his sixties, and did not retire from politics until Indian independence in 1947.

Thiru Vi. Ka. died on September 19, 1953 at the age of 71.

On October 21, 2005, he was honored by being placed on a postage stamp ref_harvard|RR|Rangaraj 2005|none.

References

*cite book
first = A.R.
last = Cankaran
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1970
month =
title = Teṉṉāṭṭupperiyār mūvar
chapter =
chapterurl =
editor =
others =
edition =
pages =
publisher = Vairam
location = Chennai
id =
url =
*cite book
first = T.S.
last = Raghavan
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1965
month =
title = Makers of modern Tamil
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chapterurl =
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publisher = South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publication Society
location = Tirunelveli
id =
url =
*cite book
first = P.L.
last = Rajenthiran
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1982
month =
title = Tiru Vi. Ka. Cintaṉaikaḷ
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pages =
publisher = Celva Nilaiyam
location = Chennai
id =
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*cite web
author = R Rangaraj
year = 2005
url = http://www.chennaionline.com/cityfeature/Chennai/2005/10stamps.asp
title = They left behind their stamp
format =
work =
publisher =
accessmonthday = February 12
accessyear = 2006
*note_label|Ses|Sesaiya 1989|nonecite book
first = M.
last = Sesaiya
authorlink =
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year = 1989
month =
title = Tamiḻt teṉṟal Tiru. Vi. Ka. viṉ neñcam
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editor =
others =
edition =
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publisher = Kiristava Ilakkiyac Cankam
location = Chennai
id =
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* cite news
first=
last=
author=
url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/09/19/stories/2003091900680900.htm
title= dated September 19, 1953: Death of Thiru Vi. Ka.
publisher= The Hindu
pages=
page=
date= September 19, 2003, originally published September 19, 1953
accessdate= 2006-02-09