Chemin de Fer du Nord

Chemin de Fer du Nord
1930 poster for cross-channel service of Chemin de Fer du Nord and the Southern Railway

Chemin de Fer du Nord (CF du Nord), often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a rail transport company created in September 1845, in Paris, France. It was owned by among others de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, England, Hottinger, Laffitte and Blount.[1] Baron James de Rothschild served as the company's first President from its inception until his death in 1868.

Contents

History

A royal ordnance dated 10 September 1845 granted exploitation of the railway from Paris to Lille and Valenciennes, branch lines to Dunkirk and Calais and two new lines Creil - Saint-Quentin and Fampoux - Hazebrouck to the CF du Nord. From the Gare du Nord station the company built in Paris, the ParisLille railway line led north towards Belgium, first connecting in 1846 to Amiens, Douai and Lille, with a branch line from Douai to Valenciennes.[1] Lille and Valenciennes had already been connected to the Belgian railway network in 1842.[2] The new line made it possible to travel by train from Paris to Brussels and further.

In the following years, the network was rapidly expanded:[2]

The Nord network in 1853
Railway line Opened
ParisLille railway 18461859
DouaiValenciennes railway 1846
LongueauBoulogne railway 18471848
CreilJeumont railway 18471855
LilleFontinettes railway 18481849
ArrasDunkirk railway 18481862
AmiensLaon railway 18571867
CreilBeauvais railway 1857
HautmontMons railway 1858
Chemin de Fer de la Baie de Somme 1858
BusignySomain railway 1858
ParisHirson railway 18601871
LensOstricourt railway 1860
ChantillyCrépy-en-Valois railway 18621870
LilleTournai railway 1865
BoulogneCalais railway 1867
RouenAmiens railway 1867

Competition

The potential for expansion of the CF du Nord territory was limited by other companies: the Chemins de Fer de l'Ouest to its southwest, and the Chemins de fer de l'Est to its east. By opening a line to from Paris to Hirson via Soissons and Laon from 1860 to 1871, it protected its eastern border against CF de l'Est expansion. The concession for the line from Creil to Beauvais, owned by CF de l'Est predecessor Chemins de Fer des Ardennes, was exchanged for the Nord's concession for LaonReims in 1855.[1]

In 1937 the CF du Nord was nationalised, as were the other main railway companies, to become part of the Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF).

In the arts

In 1855 Baron Rothschild commissioned photographer Edouard Baldus to do a series of photographs of the various landmarks on the railway line between Boulogne-sur-Mer and Paris. The photographs were used to create an album for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert as a souvenir of their visit to France that year. The album can be seen today in the photographic collection in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle.

Locomotives of the Nord

Wheel
arrangement
Nord No. SNCF No. Manufacturer
Serial numbers
Year
made
Quantity
made
Quantity
preserved
Year(s)
withdrawn
Comments
Tender locomotives
4-4-0 701 1
4-4-0 2.1212.180 220 A 14 60
4-4-2 2.6412.675 221 A 135 35
4-4-2 2.741 Schneider 1905 1 1913 Water-tube boiler, 4-cylinder compound. Rebuilt to 4-6-0 3.999
2-6-0 3.101 1887 1
2-6-0 3.14013.1402 130 B 1 Nord (La Chapelle) 19131914 2 Prototypes (compound); 3.1402 rebuilt as simple 3.1503
2-6-0 3.15013.1503 130 C 13 Nord (La Chapelle) 19131914 2 Prototypes (simple)
4-6-0 3.0783.354 230 A 1247 Hainaut
SFCM
Schneider
SFB
SACM
Fives-Lille
Batignolles
Cockerill
Énergie
Nord workshops
18971913 277 4-cylinder compound
4-6-0 3.999 230 B 1 Nord (La Chapelle) 1913 1 Rebuilt from 4-4-2 prototype 2.741. 4-cylinder compound
4-6-0 3.5133.662 230 D 1149 150
4-6-2 3.1150 231 B 1 Fives-Lille 1920 (1) État type Pacific
4-6-2 3.11513.1170 231 A 120 20
4-6-2 3.12013.1248
3.12513.1290
231 C 188 ANF Blanc-Misseron 192023, 1929, 88 1 "Superpacific"
4-6-2 3.12493.1250 231 D 12 ANF Blanc-Misseron 1929 2 "Superpacific"
4-6-2 3.11713.1190 231 E 120 20 Chapelon Pacific, ex-PO
4-6-2 3.11913.1198 231 E 2128 8 Chapelon Pacific, new
4-6-2 3.11113.1130 231 E 2948 20 Chapelon Pacific, new
4-6-4 3.11013.1102 2
0-8-0 4.0014.075,
4.8014.990
040 A 12 265 108 rebuilt as tank locomotives 4.18014.1908 (19071913)
2-8-0 4.0614.340 140 A 1280 280 "Les Bœufs"
2-8-0 4.1301 – 4.1542 140 C 1242 "General Pershing"
2-8-0 4.15514.1663 140 B 1108 Canadian-built ex-ROD locomotives
2-8-2 4.11014.1150 141 A 150 Baldwin 1920 50 Identical to PLM 10131129
2-10-0 5.0015.022
5.0315.120
150 A 1112 112 34 rebuilt as SNCF 150 C 1112
2-10-0 5.12015.1230 150 C 130 30
Tank locomotives
0-4-0T 2.0012.034 020 TA 1 – ? 34
4-4-0T 2.3112.380 220 TA 119 70 "Ravachol"
4-4-4T 2.2312.305 222 TA 175 75 "Revolver"
0-6-0T 3.9313.996 030 TA 165 66
4-6-4T 3.8013.865 232 TA 165 SFCM
Nord (Hellemmes)
19191914 65
4-6-4T 3.8713.884 232 TB 114 Beyer, Peacock & Co. (14) ex-ROD locomotives
0-8-0T 4.18014.1908 040 TA 1104 19071913 108
0-8-0T 4.4464.460 040 TD 115 15
0-8-0T 4.20164.2095 040 TG 180 80
2-8-2T 4.12014.1202 141 TB 12 2 renumbered 4.1701 – 4.1702
2-8-2T 4.12014.1272 141 TC 172 72
0-10-0T 5.6015.670 050 TD 170 SACM
Fives-Lille
1930 70
2-10-2T 5.3015.312 151 TA 112 Corpet-Louvet 19281930 12 Ex Grande Ceinture 50015012, acquired 1935
0-6-2+2-6-0T 6.1216.168 031+130 TA 147 Nord workshops 19051911 48

References

  1. ^ a b c Joanne, Adolphe (1859) (in French). Atlas historique et statistique des chemins de fer français. Paris: L. Hachette. pp2122. 
  2. ^ a b Direction Générale des Ponts et Chaussées et des Chemins de Fer (1869) (in French). Statistique centrale des chemins de fer. Chemins de fer français. Situation au 31 décembre 1869. Paris: Ministère des Travaux Publics. pp146160. 



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