Ambrosia pumila

Ambrosia pumila
Ambrosia pumila
Conservation status

Critically Imperiled (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Heliantheae
Genus: Ambrosia
Species: A. pumila
Binomial name
Ambrosia pumila
(Nutt.) A.Gray
Synonyms

Franseria pumila

Ambrosia pumila is a rare species of ragweed known by the common names dwarf burr ragweed and San Diego ambrosia. It is native to far southern California and Baja California where it grows in floodplains and scrub. Today it is known from 19 populations. Fourteen of them are in San Diego County, two exist in Riverside County, and there are three south of the border in Mexico.[1] Most of its native habitat has been consumed by urbanization and development. It is also threatened by agriculture. This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

This is a hairy perennial herb not exceeding half a meter in height. The leaves are gray-green and fuzzy and divided into several subdivided segments. They are up to 13 centimeters long, not counting the winged petioles. The inflorescence is tipped with staminate (male) flower heads above several larger pistillate (female) heads. The pistillate heads each yield usually one fruit, which is a fuzzy burr only a few millimeters wide with short, soft spines. The plant rarely produces seeds.[2] The plant reproduces vegetatively, sending up new sprouts from an elongated rhizome system.

Critical habitat was declared for the species in 2010, listing areas that should be protected for the survival of the plant.[2] It is adapted to dry habitat, but only on floodplains that are periodically submerged, or in depressions containing vernal pools or similar structures.[2] It is a plant of open habitat and is probably not tolerant of shade.[2] Protected areas containing this plant include sections of land in the cities of Temecula and Oceanside, near Fallbrook and Lake Hodges, and within the bounds of Mission Trails Regional Park and the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge.[2]

One threat to the species is the invasion of non-native weeds, which tower over the plant and shade it out. It is challenging to remove the dense stands of weeds without injuring the rare plant.[3][4]

References

  1. ^ The Nature Conservancy
  2. ^ a b c d e USFWS. Final Rule Designating Critical Habitat for Ambrosia pumila (San Diego ambrosia). Federal Register November 30, 2010.
  3. ^ Kelly, M., et al. (2007). Spraying over the top of Ambrosia pumila, a federally listed species, to control invasive weeds. Proceedings California Invasive Plant Council Symposium 2007.
  4. ^ Maher, E. and E. Stanton. (2006). Response of the endangered San Diego ambrosia (Ambrosia pumila) to removal of competition from non-native plants. Proceedings California Invasive Plant Council Symposium 2006.

External links

Further reading

  • McGlaughlin, M. E. and E. A. Friar. (2007). Clonality in the endangered Ambrosia pumila (Asteraceae) inferred from RAPD markers; Implications for conservation and management. Conservation Genetics 8:2 319.


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