Marie Tharp

Marie Tharp
Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen
Born	July 30, 1920(1920-07-30) Ypsilanti, Michigan
Died	August 23, 2006(2006-08-23) (aged 86)
Residence	United States
Citizenship	United States
Nationality	United States
Fields	Geology, Oceanography
Institutions	Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Alma mater	Ohio University University of Michigan University of Tulsa
Known for	Seafloor topography

Marie Tharp (July 30, 1920 - August 23, 2006) was a geologist and oceanographic cartographer who, along with her colleague Bruce Heezen, mapped the ocean floor including the Mid-Oceanic Ridges, a line of undersea mountains.

Biography

Tharp was born in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Her father, William, made soil classification maps for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Her mother, Bertha, was an instructor in German and Latin.

Tharp graduated from Ohio University in 1943 with bachelor's degrees in English and music and four minors. She later received a master's degree in geology from the University of Michigan before earning a degree in mathematics from the University of Tulsa while working as a geologist for the Stanolind Oil company.^[1]

Moving to New York in 1948, Tharp was employed by Maurice Ewing at the Lamont Geological Laboratory (now the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) at Columbia University, initially as a general drafter.^[1] There, Tharp met Heezen and their early work together used photographic data to locate downed aircraft from World War II.^[2] Later, they began working together to map the topography of the ocean floor. For the first 18 years of their collaboration, Heezen collected data aboard the Observatory's ship, the Vema, and Tharp drew the maps from that data (since traditionally, women were not allowed on board ships at that time, Tharp did not accompany Heezen on a data-collecting expedition until 1965). Tharp also used data collected from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's research ship, the Atlantis, and seismographic data from undersea earthquakes. Their work represented the first systematic, comprehensive attempt to map the entire ocean floor.

Heezen and Tharp published their first physiographic map of the North Atlantic in 1957. Collaborating with the Austrian landscape painter Heinrich Berann, their map of the entire ocean floor was published in 1977 (coincidentally, also the year of Heezen's death). Although at the time they favoured the expanding Earth hypothesis,^[3][4] Heezen and Tharp's mapping of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge helped pave the way for general acceptance of the alternative theories of plate tectonics and continental drift.

Tharp continued to serve on the faculty of Columbia University until 1983, after which she operated a map-distribution business in South Nyack, New York during her retirement.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Tharp, M. (2006-12-12). "Marie Tharp biography". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. http://www.whoi.edu/sbl/liteSite.do?litesiteid=9092&articleId=13407. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
2. ^ Evans, R. (November 2002). "Plumbing Depths to Reach New Heights". http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0211/tharp.html. Retrieved 2008-06-02. 
3. ^ Barton, C. (2002). "Marie Tharp, oceanographic cartographer, and her contributions to the revolution in the Earth sciences". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 192 (1): 215–228. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.192.01.11. http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/192/1/215. 
4. ^ Doel, R.E.; Levin, T.J. and Marker, M.K. (2006). "Extending modern cartography to the ocean depths: military patronage, Cold War priorities, and the Heezen-Tharp mapping project, 1952-1959". Journal of Historical Geography 32 (3): 605–626. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2005.10.011. 

• C250 Celebrates 250 Columbians Ahead of Their Time: Entry on Marie Tharp.
• Woods Hole Oceeanographic Institution. "Marie Tharp Honored at Women Pioneers Seminar."
• The Earth Institute at Columbia University. "Mapping Methodology Examples (North Atlantic)."
• The Earth Institute at Columbia University. "Marie Tharp, Pioneering Mapmaker of the Ocean Floor, Dies." Earth Institute News, August 23, 2006.
• Nelson, Valerie. "Marie Tharp, 86; Pioneering Maps Altered Views on Seafloor Geology." The Los Angeles Times, September 4, 2006.
• Hall, Stephen S. "The Contrary Map Maker" The New York Times Magazine, December 31, 2006.

External links

• Marie Tharp Maps
• Marie Tharp at Columbia University

Persondata
Name	Tharp, Marie
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	July 30, 1920
Place of birth	Ypsilanti, Michigan
Date of death	August 23, 2006
Place of death