1985 Pacific hurricane season

Infobox hurricane season
Basin=EPac
Year=1985
Track=1985 Pacific hurricane season map.png First storm formed=June 5, 1985
Last storm dissipated=November 21, 1985
Strongest storm name=Rick
Strongest storm pressure=
Strongest storm winds=125
Average wind speed=1
Total depressions=28
Total storms=24
Total hurricanes=13
Total intense=8
Fatalities=
Da

Inflated=
five seasons=1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987The 1985 Pacific hurricane season was an ongoing event in tropical cyclone meteorology. It officially started on May 15, 1985 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1985 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1985. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

At the time, the 1985 season was the most active on record in the eastern north Pacific, with 25 tropical cyclones forming. Of those, 22 were named, 12 reaching hurricane intensity and 8 becoming major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. In addition, three additional systems formed in the central north Pacific, of which one became a hurricane and another became a typhoon before re-crossing the dateline.

Despite the activity, there were few notable systems this year. The only cyclone to make landfall was Hurricane Waldo, which caused damage in Mexico. Elsewhere, surf from Hurricane Pauline caused damage in Hawaii and either Pauline or the following system sank a sailing vessel. Hurricane Nele caused disruption in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, while Hurricane Ignacio caused scattered showers on Hawaii.

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eason summary

This year, 25 tropical cyclones formed in the eastern north Pacific (140°W to North America. Of those systems, three never strengthened beyond the depression stage, while 22 were named. Of the named systems, ten peaked as tropical storms, 12 as hurricanes, and 8 reached the intensity of major hurricanes by attaining Category 3 strength or higher on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale.cite web|url=http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0493/114/10/pdf/i1520-0493-114-10-1931.pdf|title=Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1985|author=E.B. Gunther & R.L. Cross|month=October|year=1986|work=Monthly Weather Review|publisher=American Meteorological Society|pages=1931|accessdate=2007-10-13]

In the central north Pacific (140°W to the dateline), three tropical cyclones formed. One of those stayed as a depression. Another strengthened into a hurricane, and the other one crossed into the northwestern Pacific before eventually returning to the central Pacific.cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1985.php|title=The 1985 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-10-13]

At the time, this season was the most active on record, breaking the short-lived record held by the 1983 season.Gunther & Cross 1932] The 1992 season has surpassed this record, but this season remains the second-most active overall.cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/tracks1949to2006_epa.txt|title=Eastern North Pacific Tracks File 1949-2006|date=2007-06-07|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-10-13]

torms

Tropical Storm Andres

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Andres 1985 track.pngFormed=June 5
Dissipated=June 12
1-min winds=60On June 1, an area of thunderstorms south of Acapulco developed. It increased in size and, by June 5, was organized enough to be considered a tropical depression. It was upgraded to a tropical storm shortly after that. Andres headed roughly west, and, on June 7, reached its maximum intensity of 60*nbsp;knots when it was south of the Baja California Peninsula. It then slowly weakened as it moved around a weak upper-level high. It weakened to a depression on June 8. It stayed a depression as it continued west until it dissipated on June 12 as the cyclone gradually increased in speed. No deaths or damages were reported.Gunther & Crsss 1935-6]

The "Monthly Weather Review" reports that Tropical Storm Andres operationally started out as a tropical depression. However, the HURDAT "Best Track" file does not give Andres an initial depression stage, implying that Andres was considered to have initially started as a tropical storm post-operationally.

Hurricane Blanca

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Blanca 1985 track.pngFormed=June 6
Dissipated=June 16
1-min winds=105

Tropical Storm Carlos

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Carlos 1985 track.pngFormed=June 7
Dissipated=June 10
1-min winds=35

Hurricane Dolores

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Dolores 1985 track.pngFormed=June 26
Dissipated=July 5
1-min winds=100

Tropical Storm Enrique

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Enrique 1985 track.pngFormed=June 27
Dissipated=July 5
1-min winds=35

Tropical Storm Fefa

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Fefa 1985 track.pngFormed=July 2
Dissipated=July 6
1-min winds=60

Tropical Storm Guillermo

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Guillermo 1985 track.pngFormed=July 7
Dissipated=July 12
1-min winds=50

Tropical Depression Eight-E

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Formed=July 11
Dissipated=July 12
1-min winds=25This depression lasted only twelve hours.

Tropical Storm Hilda

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Hilda 1985 track.pngFormed=July 18
Dissipated=July 20
1-min winds=35

Hurricane Ignacio

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Ignacio 1985 track.pngFormed=July 21
Dissipated=July 27
1-min winds=115

Hurricane Jimena

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Jimena 1985 track.pngFormed=July 20
Dissipated=July 29
1-min winds=115

Tropical Storm Kevin

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Kevin 1985 track.pngFormed=July 29
Dissipated=August 6
1-min winds=55

Tropical Storm Linda

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Linda 1985 track.pngFormed=July 29
Dissipated=August 9
1-min winds=45

Hurricane Marty

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Marty 1985 track.pngFormed=August 6
Dissipated=August 13
1-min winds=65

Tropical Storm Nora

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Nora 1985 track.pngFormed=August 19
Dissipated=August 23
1-min winds=40

Tropical Depression One-C

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Formed=August 20
Dissipated=August 22
1-min winds=30This depression developed from a disturbance embedded in the trade wind flow south of the Hawaiian Islands.

Hurricane Olaf

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Olaf 1985 track.pngFormed=August 22
Dissipated=August 31
1-min winds=75

Hurricane Pauline

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Pauline 1985 track.pngFormed=August 27
Dissipated=September 9
1-min winds=75Hurricane Pauline caused heavy surf along the Big Island, which washed debris up onto roads. There was no damage reported. It threatened the islands enough to prompt a hurricane watch being issued, but the hurricane turned away.

Tropical Storm Skip

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Skip 1985 track.pngFormed=August 30
Dissipated=August 30
1-min winds=35Tropical Depression Two-C formed August 30 and crossed the dateline the next day. It strengthened into Typhoon Skip. It briefly threatened Wake Island before a Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough (TUTT) recurved Skip to the northeast. It then recrossed the date line as a rapidly transitioning tropical storm. Skip went extratropical September 8.

Hurricane Rick

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Rick 1985 track.pngFormed=September 1
Dissipated=September 12
1-min winds=125Rick was the strongest storm of the season, and at the time had the second strongest winds recorded in a tropical cyclone in the Central Pacific. It may also have contributed to the sailing vessel being overdue.

Hurricane Sandra

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Sandra 1985 track.pngFormed=September 5
Dissipated=September 17
1-min winds=110

Hurricane Terry

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Terry 1985 track.pngFormed=September 15
Dissipated=September 24
1-min winds=100

Tropical Storm Vivian

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Vivian 1985 track.pngFormed=September 18
Dissipated=September 21
1-min winds=35

Tropical Depression Twenty-Two-E

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Formed=October 1
Dissipated=October 2
1-min winds=25This depression developed but never really separated from the ITCZ.

Hurricane Waldo

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Waldo 1985 track.pngFormed=October 7
Dissipated=October 9
1-min winds=90Tropical Depression Twenty Three-E formed from a disturbance on October 7. In a favourable environment over warm waters, It rapidly intensified, reaching Tropical Storm intensity the same day it formed. A trough started recurving Waldo towards the Mexican coast. Just after peaking as a Category 2 hurricane, Waldo made landfall southwest of Culiacán. Waldo rapidly dissipated over land.

In parts of Sinaloa, people were evacuated. In Los Mochis, the Mexican Army was put on standby in the event the Fuerte River flooded. The evacuees were granted refuge in shelters.cite news|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?
|title=Hurricane Waldo Floods Mexico|publisher=Gettysburg Times|author=Associated Press|date=1985-10-10|page=3|accessdate=2007-10-13]

No deaths were reported. Much farmland and 600 houses were destroyed. The Juarez River burst its banks, flooding about eight neighborhoods in Culiacan. Telephone service in Los Mochis, Guarmuchil, and Guasave was cut when a communications tower was blown over.

Hurricane Nele

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Track=Nele 1985 track.pngFormed=October 23
Dissipated=October 30
1-min winds=80A disturbance strengthened into Tropical Depression Three-C on October 23 and Tropical Storm Nele. It reached hurricane strength October 25. Due to weak steering currents, it moved slowly. It briefly threatened the major Hawaiian Islands before veering to the northwest and accelerating. It passed over the Northwestern Islands before becoming extratropical October 30 after recurving to the northeast. There was minor flooding due to heavy surf, and some fishing vessels were damaged, but no serious damage or casualties.

Hurricane Xina

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac


Track=Xina 1985 track.pngFormed=October 25
Dissipated=November 5
1-min winds=100The first recorded twenty-second storm of a season formed October 25. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Xina early October 27. Xina began to start tracing out a huge oblong loop beneath an anticyclone. Xina peaked as a minimal major hurricane on October 29. As it finished the loop and left the cover of the anticyclone, Xina started falling apart. Cool waters took their toll on the cyclone, and Xina dissipated on November 5.

Had the list of names not been extended, Xina would have been named "Alpha" instead. However, the anticipated exhaustion of the old list was averted, meaning that the east Pacific has never exhausted its list. Xina stayed at sea, and no casualties or damages were reported.

Tropical Depression Twenty-Five-E

Infobox Hurricane Small
Basin=EPac
Formed=November 21
Dissipated=November 21
1-min winds=25This depression developed near the southwest tip of Baja California.

1985 storm names

The following names were used for named storms that formed in the eastern Pacific in 1985. No names were retired, so it was used again in the 1991 season. The name "Dolores" was misspelled as "Delores" in 1991. This is the same list used for the 1979 season, except for the added names. Storms were named Kevin, Linda, Marty, Nora, Olaf, Pauline, Rick, Sandra, Terry, Vivian, Waldo, and Xina for the first time in 1985. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.Because of the level of activity, these names were added during the season:cite web|url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2002/summ0202.htm|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary|month=February|year=2002|author=Gary Padgett|accessdate=2007-10-14] One name from the Central Pacific list was used - Nele. It was the first usage for this name. One storm, Typhoon Skip, formed in the central Pacific but did not receive a name until it reached the west Pacific, therefore only Nele was used from the central Pacific list.

Later during the 80's, the added names were made a permanent part of the Eastern Pacific lists, and other names were added for even-numbered years.

Had the names not been added, this season would have been the first Pacific or Atlantic hurricane season to exceed the list, and had to have used a Greek letter named storm. This would not occur until the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, which saw an unprecedented 28 storms and 6 Greek names.

ee also

*List of Pacific hurricanes
*List of Pacific hurricane seasons
*1985 Atlantic hurricane season
*1985 Pacific typhoon season
*1985 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
*Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons: 1984–85, 1985–86

References

External links

* [http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0493/114/10/pdf/i1520-0493-114-10-1931.pdf Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1985]
* [http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1985.php CPHC Season Summary]
* [http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1985/index.html Unisys Weather archive for the Eastern Pacific, 1985]
* [http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/atcr/1985atcr/pdf/cep/02c.pdf ATCR for Tropical Storm/Typhoon Skip]