GRIK4

protein
name = glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 4
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 4582
Symbol = GRIK4
AltSymbols = GRIK, KA₁
EntrezGene = 2900
OMIM = 600282
RefSeq = NM_014619
UniProt = Q16099
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 11
Arm = q
Band =
LocusSupplementaryData =

GRIK4 ("glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 4") is a kainate receptor subtype belonging to the family of ligand-gated ion channels which is encoded by the gene|GRIK4 gene.cite journal | author = Szpirer C, Molné M, Antonacci R, Jenkins NA, Finelli P, Szpirer J, Riviere M, Rocchi M, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG | title = The genes encoding the glutamate receptor subunits KA1 and KA2 (GRIK4 and GRIK5) are located on separate chromosomes in human, mouse, and rat | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 91 | issue = 25 | pages = 11849–53 | year = 1994 | month = December | pmid = 7527545 | pmc = 45333 | doi = | url = http://www.pnas.org/content/91/25/11849 | issn = ]

Function

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the glutamate-gated ionic channel family. Glutamate functions as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system through activation of ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled membrane receptors. The protein encoded by this gene forms functional heteromeric kainate-preferring ionic channels with the subunits encoded by related gene family members.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GRIK3 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2900| accessdate = ]

Clinical signficance

A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1954787) in the GRIK4 gene has shown a treatment-response-association with antidepressant treatment. [Cite journal
author = Paddock S, Laje G, Charney D, Rush AJ, Wilson AF, Sorant AJ, Lipsky R, Wisniewski SR, Manji H, McMahon FJ
title = Association of GRIK4 With Outcome of Antidepressant Treatment in the STAR*D Cohort
journal = Am J Psychiatry
volume = 164
pages = 1181–1188
month = August
year = 2007
pmid = 17671280
doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06111790
url = ]

Variation in GRIK4 have been associated with both increased and decreased risk of bipolar disorder.cite journal | author = Pickard BS, Knight HM, Hamilton RS, Soares DC, Walker R, Boyd JK, Machell J, Maclean A, McGhee KA, Condie A, Porteous DJ, St Clair D, Davis I, Blackwood DH, Muir WJ. | title = A common variant in the 3'UTR of the GRIK4 glutamate receptor gene affects transcript abundance and protects against bipolar disorder | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 105 | issue = 39 | pages = 14940–5 | year = 2008 | month = September | pmid = 18824690 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0800643105 | url = | issn = ] A possible mechanism for this observation is that the sequence variation influences secondary structures in the 3' UTR.

Evolutionary significance

The GRIK4 gene displayed significantly higher rates of evolution in primates than in rodents and especially in the lineage leading from primates to humans. Furthermore the GRIK4 gene is implicated in the development of the nervous system. Hence evolution of the GRIK4 gene is thought to have played a role in the dramatic increases in size and complexity of the brain that occurred during evolutionary history leading to humans.cite journal | author = Dorus S, Vallender EJ, Evans PD, Anderson JR, Gilbert SL, Mahowald M, Wyckoff GJ, Malcom CM, Lahn BT | title = Accelerated evolution of nervous system genes in the origin of Homo sapiens | journal = Cell | volume = 119 | issue = 7 | pages = 1027–40 | year = 2004 | month = December | pmid = 15620360 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.040 | url = | issn = ]

Reference

External links

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