List of undersea explorers

= Famous archaeologists & treasure hunters=

:Marine archaeologists (also known as maritime archaeologists) are persons working in the discipline of Marine Archaeology (also known as maritime archaeology) and study human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of vessels, shore side facilities, cargoes, human remains and submerged landscapes. One speciality is underwater archaeology, which studies the past through any submerged remains. Another specialty within maritime archaeology is nautical archaeology, which studies vessel construction and use.

:Treasure hunters sell the artifacts (cannons, bottles, coins, specie, bullion - also known as treasure) they find on shipwrecks and, when proficient at archaeology and working within the law, they are the capitalists of marine archaeology. Treasure hunters without proficiency in archaeology and salvaging historical artifacts without government permits are looters. [ [http://www.shipwrecks.com/ethics_in_underwater_archaeology.htm Ethics in Underwater Archaeology (Capitalism versus Socialism in Underwater Archaeology) by E. Lee Spence] ]

* George F. Bass(born 1932), pioneer underwater archaeologist, author, founded Institute of Nautical Archaeology in 1973
* Mark M. Newell, founder of Georgia Archaeological Institute
* Robert F. Marx, pioneer underwater archaeologist, prolific author
* Alan Riebe, unaffiliated deep sea explorer, shipwreck historian, author.
* E. Lee Spence (born 1947), pioneer underwater archaeologist & treasure hunter, prolific author of books, maps and articles on shipwrecks, editor, a founder of Sea Research Society in 1972
* Peter Throckmorton (deceased), pioneer underwater archaeologist, director Sea Research Society

Famous biologists

:Marine biology, or Biological oceanography is the study of the plants, animals and microbes (biota) of the oceans and their ecological interaction.
* Ali Abdelghany (born 1944), Egyptian marine biologist
* Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf (1857-1921), Swedish marine zoologist.
* Samuel Stillman Berry (1887-1984), U.S. marine zoologist.
* Henry Bryant Bigelow (1879–1967), U.S. marine biologist.
* Rachel Carson (1907-1964), American Marine Biologist and Author.
* Carl Chun (1852-1914), German marine biologist
* Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910-1997), French marine biologist and explorer
* Charles Darwin (1809-1882), wrote "Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs" (1842) while aboard the HMS Beagle
* Anton Dohrn (1840-1909), German marine biologist
* Sylvia Earle (born 1935), American oceanographer
* Hans Hass (born 1919), Austrian marine biologist and diving pioneer
* Gotthilf Hempel (born 1929), German marine biologist
* Ilham Artüz (1924-1993), Turkish Marine Biologist and Oceanographer
* Johan Hjort (1869-1948), Norwegian marine zoologist and one of the founders of ICES
* Bruno Hofer (1861-1916), German fisheries scientist
* Emperor Showa of Japan (1901-1989), jellyfish taxonomist
* Uwe Kils (born 1951), German marine biologist
* August David Krohn (1803–1891), Russian/German zoologist
* William Elford Leach (1790-1836), English zoologist and marine biologist
* Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai (1846-1888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist
* Sir John Murray (1841-1914), Scots-Canadian marine biologist
* Ed Ricketts (1897-1948), American marine biologist noted for a pioneering study of intertidal ecology
* Harald Rosenthal (born 1937), German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology
* Michael Sars (1809–1869), Norwegian theologian and biologist
* Georg Sars (1837-1927), Norwegian marine biologist
* Gunnar Thorson (1906-1971), Danish marine biologist
* Ruth Turner (1915-2000), marine biologist
* Charles Wyville Thompson (1832-1882), Scottish marine biologist

Source: List of biologists.

Famous ocean engineers

:"Ocean engineers study the ocean environment to determine its effects on ships and other marine vehicles and structures. Ocean engineers may design and operate stationary ocean platforms, or manned or remote-operated sub-surface vehicles used for deep sea exploration." [http://www.sname.org/careers.htm]

Famous oceanographers

:Oceanography (from the greek words "Ωκεανός" meaning Ocean and "γράφω" meaning to write), also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth Sciences that studies the Earth's oceans and seas. It covers a wide range of topics, including marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within it: biology, chemistry, geology, meteorology, and physics.

Famous submersible operators

* William Beebe (July 29, 1877 – June 4, 1962)

= Famous cave divers (cavers and speleologists) =

:Cave diving is one of the most challenging and potentially dangerous kinds of diving and presents many diving hazards. Cave diving is a form of penetration diving, meaning that in an emergency a diver cannot ascend directly to the surface due to the cave's ceilings, and instead may have to swim horizontally. The underwater navigation through the cave system may be difficult and exit routes may be at considerable distance, requiring the diver to have sufficient breathing gas to make the journey, resulting in potential deep diving risks. ["Cave diving - Hazards." Oneness Commitment. 1 1 .]

* Graham Balcombe a founder of the Cave Diving Group
* Sheck Exley (April 1, 1949 – April 6, 1994) was a cave-diving pioneer.
* Jack Sheppard (31 March 1909 – 14 July 2001), was a pioneer of cave diving in the United Kingdom and a founder of the Cave Diving Group
* [http://www.karstproductions.com Wes Skiles] documentary film-maker

References