George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy

Infobox_Politician
honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable
name = The Viscount Tonypandy
honorific-suffix = PC

birth_date = 29 January 1909
birth_place =Port Talbot, Wales, United Kingdom
death_date =death date and age|1997|09|22|1909|01|29
death_place = Cardiff, Wales, UK
office = Speaker of the House of Commons
term_start = February 1976
term_end = 10 June 1983
predecessor = Selwyn Lloyd
successor = Bernard Weatherill
party = Labour

Thomas George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy, PC (29 January 1909 – 22 September 1997) was a British Labour politician and Speaker of the British House of Commons.

Early life and education

Thomas George Thomas (born Port Talbot, Wales) was the second son of Zachariah Thomas (a Welsh speaking miner from Carmarthen) and Emma Jane Tilbury (daughter of a founder of the English Methodist Church in Tonypandy). He had two elder sisters, Ada May and Dolly, one elder brother Emrys and one younger brother Ivor.cite book|author=Lord Tonypandy|year=1985|title=George Thomas, Mr.Speaker: The Memoirs of Viscount Tonypandy p.19|publisher=Century|id=ISBN 0-71260-706-4|] Zachariah became a heavy drinker and the family were happy when he joined up at the start of World War I. They were less pleased when Emma had to take her marriage certificate to court to prove she was Zachariah's wife and not the woman in Kent to whom he had allocated his soldier allowance. He never returned to South Wales and died of tuberculosis in 1925.cite book|author=Lord Tonypandy|year=1985|title=George Thomas, Mr.Speaker: The Memoirs of Viscount Tonypandy p.21|publisher=Century|id=ISBN 0-71260-706-4|]

Thomas was raised by his mother in the village of Trealaw in South Wales, just across the river from the town of Tonypandy. All four of his siblings left school at age 13. His two sisters went into service, his elder brother went down the pit and his younger brother worked in a shop. This allowed George to extend his education, a good education at the time being the best means of escape from the valleys. He attended Trealaw Boys' School where he passed the scholarship examination for Tonypandy Higher Grade School, later promoted to Tonypandy Secondary Grammar School.cite book|author=Lord Tonypandy|year=1985|title=George Thomas, Mr.Speaker: The Memoirs of Viscount Tonypandy pp.25-26|publisher=Century|id=ISBN 0-71260-706-4|]

On leaving school Thomas became a pupil teacher, first in Trealaw and then in Fanshawe Crescent School, Dagenham, Essex, after which he did a two-year teacher-training course at University College, Southampton. He then worked as a teacher in both London and Cardiff.

Political career

Elected to Parliament in the Attlee landslide at the 1945 general election, he held the seats of Cardiff Central (1945–50) and Cardiff West (1950–83) until his retirement from the Commons at the 1983 general election.

Thomas was one of the first on the scene of the Aberfan disaster, which occurred while he was a Minister at the Welsh Office. Thomas showed sympathy with the people of the village, bereaved and devastated by the calamity which cost the lives of 144 people, 128 of them children at the Pantglas Junior School. However, he subsequently insisted on taking over £150,000 from the charity fund established to assist the bereaved, in order to meet the cost of removing the remainder of the coal tip and the remaining tips which still loomed above the village of Aberfan.This money was susbequently returned to the fund in 1997, by the then Welsh Secretary Ron Davies, and even then returned without any financial interest.

As Secretary of State for Wales from 1968 to 1970, he presided over the investiture of the Prince of Wales at Caernarfon Castle in 1969.

During Thomas's term of office as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1976 to 1983, the first broadcasting of Parliamentary proceedings brought him unprecedented public attention, but he proved more impartial than party colleagues had expected. In 1983 he retired and was created Viscount Tonypandy, one of the last creations of a hereditary peerage. Thomas was always opposed to Welsh nationalism: one of his final areas of political activity was the public expression of opposition to the Blair government's devolution proposals of 1997. It was during this year that he also gave his very high-profile endorsement of Sir James Goldsmith's Referendum Party, believing that the European Union was compromising the sovereignty of Parliament. He also wrote the Foreword to Adrian Hilton's book on this issue, "The Principality and Power of Europe", the only book he endorsed as a Peer, and the last before he died.cite book|last=Hilton|first=Adrian|authorlink=Adrian Hilton|year=1997|title=The Principality and Power of Europe|publisher=Dorchester House Publications|id=ISBN 0-95183-862-8|]

After Tonypandy's death, a former Welsh Labour MP, Leo Abse, created a controversy by alleging that Thomas had been homosexual and had been the victim of blackmail for this reason. Abse, the MP who introduced the private member's bill which decriminalised homosexuality in Britain, discussed this incident in his book "Tony Blair: The Man Behind the Smile."cite book|last=Abse|first=Leo|authorlink=Leo Abse|year=2001|title=Tony Blair: The Man Behind the Smile|publisher=Robson Books|id=ISBN 1-86105-364-9|] He said that Thomas had paid money to blackmailers to keep information related to his sexual life secret. Abse said that he had once lent Thomas £800 to pay off blackmailers. cite web
title = A homosexual Speaker
author = Julia Langdon
date = 2001-03-21
publisher = The Guardian
url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/parl/Story/0,,460454,00.html
accessdate = 2007-05-30] cite web
title = Anger over gay former speaker claims
date = 2001-03-19
publisher = BBC news
url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1229846.stm
accessdate = 2007-05-30]

Throughout his career he remained a deeply religious man, and was a prominent member of the Methodist church. He was a local preacher and former Vice-President of the Methodist Conference. Known by the nickname "Tommy Twice" (from his full name), his Welsh-accented cries of "Order! Order!" as Speaker were familiar to a generation of Britons. cite web
title = Lord Tonypandy
publisher = BBC
url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/halloffame/public_life/lord_tonypandy.shtml
accessdate = 2007-05-29]

In popular culture

Thomas was portrayed by Gordon Langford Rowe in the 2002 BBC production of Ian Curteis's controversial "The Falklands Play".

ee also

*List of Speakers of the British House of Commons
* [http://www.david-griffiths.co.uk/index.php?f=data_gallery&a=0 Official portrait of George Thomas by David Griffiths]

Notes and References

Persondata
NAME=Thomas, Thomas George
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=George Thomas
SHORT DESCRIPTION= British politician
DATE OF BIRTH=29 January 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH=Tonypandy, Wales
DATE OF DEATH=22 September 1997
PLACE OF DEATH=Cardiff, Wales