Parade (musical)

Infobox Musical
name=Parade


caption=Original Broadway Cast Recording
music=Jason Robert Brown
lyrics=Jason Robert Brown
book=Alfred Uhry
basis=Historic events in Atlanta in 1913
productions=1998 Broadway
2006 Australia
2007 London
2007 Ireland
awards= Tony Award for Best Score
Tony Award for Best Book

"Parade" is a musical with a book by Alfred Uhry and music and lyrics by Jason Robert Brown. The musical was first produced on Broadway at the Vivian Beaumont Theater on December 17 1998. The production was directed by Harold Prince and closed 28 February 1999 after only 39 previews and 84 regular performances. It starred Brent Carver as Leo Frank, Carolee Carmello as Lucille Frank, and Christy Carlson Romano as Mary Phagan.

The musical won Tony Awards for best book and best score (out of nine nominations) and six Drama Desk Awards. The show has enjoyed a U.S. national tour and numerous professional and amateur productions both in the U.S. and abroad.

History

;Leo FrankThe musical concerns the real-life 1913 trial of Jewish factory manager Leo Frank, who was accused of raping and murdering a 13-year-old employee, Mary Phagan. The trial, sensationalized by the media, aroused anti-Semitic tensions in Atlanta and the U.S. state of Georgia. When Frank's sentence was commuted due to possible problems with the trial, he was transferred to a prison in Milledgeville, Georgia, where a lynching party kidnapped him from the prison. Frank was taken to Phagan's hometown of Marietta, Georgia, and he was hanged. The Anti-Defamation League was formed partly in response to the Leo Frank's trial and lynching. [ [http://www.adl.org/ADLHistory/1913_1920.asp Anti-Defamation League information] ]

;The musicalPrince turned to Brown to write the score after Stephen Sondheim turned the project down. Prince's daughter, Daisy, had brought Brown to her father's attention. Uhry, who grew up in Atlanta, had personal knowledge of the Frank story, as his great-uncle owned the pencil factory run by Leo Frank. ["New York Times", "Songwriting Challenge of Historic Proportions", Robin Pogrebin, E1, December 22, 1998]

In dramatizing the story, Prince and Uhry have emphasized the evolving relationship between Leo and his wife Lucille. "Variety", Legit Reviews, Charles Isherwood, December 21, 1998 - January 3, 1999, p85] Their relationship shifts from cold to warm in songs like "Leo at Work/What am I Waiting For?," "You Don't Know This Man," "Do it Alone," and "All the Wasted Time". The poignancy of the couple, who fall in love in the midst of adversity, is the core of the work. It makes the tragic outcome - the miscarriage of justice - even more disturbing. [ "Christian Science Monitor" (Boston, MA), "Poignant 'Parade' probes America's heart", Iris Fanger, p. 19, December 18, 1998]

The show was Brown's first Broadway production. His music has "subtle and appealing melodies that draw on a variety of influences, from pop-rock to folk to rhythm and blues and gospel."

The plot of the show hews closely to the historical story and does not shy away from the conclusion that the likely killer was the African-American drifter Jim Conley, the key witness against Frank at the trial. The true villains of the piece are portrayed as the prosecutor Hugh Dorsey (later the governor of Georgia and then a judge) and the rabid publisher Tom Watson (later elected a U.S. senator).

Plot synopsis

;Act I - Marietta, Georgia (1913)At a parade commemorating the Southern perspective on the American Civil War, Leo Frank, a northern 'Yankee,' alone in his Judaism, is deeply uncomfortable in the town in which he works. His discomfort is shared by Britt Craig, a local journalist bored by the same old stories in the area. Meanwhile, two local children, Frankie Epps and Mary Phagan talk. Frankie wants Mary to go to the picture show with him, but Mary playfully resists, insisting her mother won't let her. Mary leaves to collect her pay from the pencil factory managed by Frank.

Frank's wife Lucille bemoans the state of their marriage, believing herself unappreciated by a man so wrapped up in his work and himself. Mary Phagan is found raped and murdered in the basement of the factory and the local police immediately turn to Newt Lee, an African-American night watchman also working at the factory. Throughout his interrogation he maintains his innocence but inadvertently directs the suspicion of the police upon Frank, who didn't answer his telephone when Lee called him to report the incident.

Mary's funeral is a focal point for the rage of the townspeople of Marietta. Epps swears revenge, and Craig exalts in his opportunity to cover a 'real' story. A trial ensues, and Leo Frank finds himself subject to various accusations of molestation and harassment. Frank is desperate to interject but his lawyer insists he stay silent, assuring Frank he has a plan. As prosecutor Hugh Dorsey whips the observers and jurors at the trial into a frenzy, Frank is given his chance to defend himself. He offers a heartfelt speech, pleading to be believed, but it is not enough. He is found guilty and sentenced to hang.

;Act II - After the trialThe African-American population of Marietta air their grievances regarding the public reaction to the trial, both locally and nationwide. The trial has been noted by the press in the north, and the reaction is strongly disapproving of the way in which it was conducted. Lucille Frank has been working to get word to the governor of Georgia in order to gain a retrial or at least a reprieve from hanging, but Leo is unimpressed. Lucille reacts angrily and offers Leo a chance to continue without her help. Leo relents, and Lucille speaks to the governor as an advocate for Leo.

The governor, under pressure from all sides, agrees to commute Frank's sentence to life in prison in Milledgeville, Georgia. This makes Leo and Lucille Frank elated but the Marietta residents are enraged. Leo realizes his deep love for his wife and how much he has underestimated her. After Lucille departs the prison, a party of masked men arrive and kidnap Leo. They take him to Marietta and hang him. Lucille is crushed by her loss but she takes comfort in believing that Leo is with God and free from his ordeal.

Musical numbers

;Act I
* Old Red Hills Of Home
* Dream Of Atlanta
* How Can I Call This Home
* The Picture Show
* Leo At Work/What Am I Waiting For
* Interrogation "I Am Trying To Remember..."
* Big News! (cut for the Donmar Warehouse production)
* Funeral: There Is A Fountain/It Don't Make Sense
* Lullaby
* Real Big News
* You Don't Know This Man
* Hammer of Justice (Replaced reprises of "Dream of Atlanta" in the Donmar Warehouse prodution)
* Twenty Miles From Marietta
* Frankie's Testimony
* Factory Girls/Come Up To My Office
* Newt Lee's Testimony (cut for the Donmar Warehouse production)
* Minnie McKnight's Testimony (Added for Donmar Warehouse Production)
* My Child Will Forgive Me
* That's What He Said
* It's Hard To Speak My Heart
* Closing Statements & Verdict

;Act II
* Rumblin' And A Rollin'
* Do It Alone
* Pretty Music
* The Glory (Added for Donmar Warehouse Production)
* This Is Not Over Yet
* Blues: Feel The Rain Fall
* Where Will You Stand When The Flood Comes
* All The Wasted Time
* Finale

Major roles and original cast

*Leo Frank (a Jewish man running the pencil factory) - Brent Carver
*Lucille Frank (Leo Frank's wife) - Carolee Carmello
*Jim Conley (an African-American man, implied to be the murderer of Mary Phagan) - Rufus Bonds, Jr.
*Mary Phagan (a young girl murdered at the factory) - Christy Carlson Romano
*Frankie Epps (Mary's Friend)
*Britt Craig (a journalist) - Evan Pappas
*Hugh Dorsey (the ambitious prosecutor) - Herndon Lackey
*Tom Watson (the publisher) - John Leslie Wolfe

Response

The show was received coolly by the public and some critics. A number felt the show took too many liberties in the use of racial slurs. Most critics, however, praised the show, especially the score. [ [http://theatre_chick.tripod.com/parade-lit.html Links to numerous reviews] ] When the show closed, Livent had filed for bankruptcy protection (Chapter 11). Lincoln Center was the other producer solely responsible for covering the weekly running costs. ["New York Times", Jesse McKinley, interview with Bernard Gersten, 2/3/99, p. B2]

Other productions

U.S. National tour

A U. S. national tour, directed by Prince, started at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta in June 2000, with Jason Robert Brown conducting at some venues. [ [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/48884.html Playbill News: Parade Will March Into GA, TN, PA, WI, CO, WA in 2000 Tour ] ] It starred David Pittu as Leo and Andrea Burns as Lucille.

Los Angeles Production

The Los Angeles premiere, directed by Brady Schwind, and choreographed by Imara Quinonez opened July 10, 2008 at the Neighborhood Playhouse of Palos Verdes with Craig D'Amico as Leo Frank, Emily Olson as Lucille Frank and Alissa Anderegg as Mary Phagan. [ [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/118000.html Playbill News: D'Amico and Olson Are the Franks in L.A. Run of Parade, Starting July 11 ] ]

Notable non-US productions

The first major production in the United Kingdom played at the Donmar Warehouse from September 24 to November 24 in 2007. [cite web |url= http://www.jasonrobertbrown.com/news/news/parade_comes_to_london_autumn.php |title= "Parade" Comes to London Autumn 2007"|accessdate=2007-06-22 |date= 22 February 2007] It was directed by Rob Ashford and starred Lara Pulver (who previously played Cathy in the UK premiere of Brown's "The Last Five Years") as Lucille, Bertie Carvel as Leo and Jayne Wisener as Mary Phagan. [ [http://www.officiallondontheatre.co.uk/news/display?contentId=94979 2007 London casting information] ] Pulver later received an award nomination for her performance in the show, being nominated for the 2008 Laurence Olivier Award for 'Best Actress in a Musical'. A double-CD cast recording of this production has been released by First Night Records. The recording includes new material written by Brown for the production and contains all songs and dialogue from the Donmar production. [ [http://www.jasonrobertbrown.com/news/news/london_parade_to_release_cast.php London "Parade" to Release Cast Recording (Playbill, 10/24/07)] ]

Awards and nominations

Tony Awards
*Best Book of a Musical (Uhry) (WINNER)
*Best Original Musical Score (Brown) (WINNER)
*Best Musical (nominee)
*Best Actor in a Musical (Brent Carver) (nominee)
*Best Actress in a Musical (Carolee Carmello) (nominee)
*Best Scenic Design (nominee)
*Best Choreography (nominee)
*Best Direction of a Musical (nominee)
*Best Orchestrations (nominee)
Drama Desk Awards
*Outstanding Musical (WINNER)
*Outstanding Book of a Musical (WINNER)
*Outstanding Actor in a Musical (Brent Carver) (WINNER)
*Outstanding Actress in a Musical (Carolee Carmello) (WINNER-TIE)
*Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical (Rufus Bonds, Jr.) (nominee)
*Outstanding Choreography (nominee)
*Outstanding Director of a Musical (nominee)
*Outstanding Orchestrations (WINNER)
*Outstanding Lyrics (nominee)
*Outstanding Set Design of a Musical (nominee)
*Outstanding Music (Jason Robert Brown) (WINNER)
*Outstanding Lighting Design (nominee)
*Outstanding Sound Design (nominee)

Notes

References

* [http://members.tripod.com/OldRedHills/paradetitle2.html Extensive website about the show]
* [http://www.geocities.com/jason_robert_brown/parade.html Cast and other information from the Geocities Jason Robert Brown website]
* [http://www.theatre-musical.com/parade.html All the Wasted Time - Parade]
* [http://www.mtishows.com/show_home.asp?ID=000221 MTI's Parade pages]
* [http://theatre_chick.tripod.com/parade-real.html Information about the Leo Frank case]
* [http://www.nodanw.com/shows_p/parade.html Profile of the show at the NODA website indicating which characters sing which numbers]

External links

* [http://www.lct.org/calendar/event_detail.cfm?ID_event=9717615 "Parade"] , from the theatre's website
*ibdb title|5704|Parade
* [http://theater2.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html?html_title=&tols_title=PARADE%20(PLAY)&pdate=19981218&byline=By%20BEN%20BRANTLEY&id=1077011431090 New York Times review, 12/18/98]
* [http://members.tripod.com/OldRedHills/paradeproductions.html List of numerous productions of Parade between 2001 and 2004]