Anson P.K. Safford

Infobox Officeholder |name=Anson P.K. Safford


nationality=American
party=Republican
office=3rd Governor of Arizona Territory
term_start =9 July, 1869
term_end =5 April, 1877
preceded =Richard C. McCormick
succeeded =John Philo Hoyt
state_assembly3 = California
district3 = 17th
term_start3 = 1857
term_end3 = 1859
preceded3 =
succeeded3 =
date of birth=birth date|1830|2|14
place of birth=Hyde Park, Vermont
dead=dead
date of death=death date and age|1891|12|15|1830|2|14
place of death=Tarpon Springs, Florida
spouse=Jenny L. Tracy (1869-1873) Margarita Grijalva(1878-1880) Soledad Bonillas(1881-)
religion=
footnote=

Anson Pacely Killen SaffordRef|Name_note|A (c. 14 February 1830ndash 15 December 1891) was the third Governor of Arizona Territory. Affectionately known as the "Little Governor" due to his 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m) stature, he was also Arizona's longest serving territorial governor. His work to create a public education system earned him the name "Father of the Arizona Public Schools".Wagoner pp. 101] Safford is also known for granting himself a divorce.

Background

Safford was born to Joseph Warren and Diantha P. (Little) Safford in Hyde Park, Vermont on 14 February of either 1828 or 1830.Ref|DOB_note|B When he was eight, his family moved to Crete, Illinois were they farmed. Safford was largely self educated, attending only five quarters at a county school followed later by six months at a different school. His father died in 1848 and his mother in 1849. Safford left the family farm in March 1850 as part of the California Gold Rush.Goff pp. 52]

After his arrival in California, Safford began working a claim in Placer County that produced from five to twenty dollars per day. His leisure time was spent reading from a set of books he had purchased to further his education.Goff pp. 53] In 1854 he moved to a new claim and in 1855 was a Democratic party nominee for a seat in the California State Assembly, losing his race to a Know Nothing candidate. Safford won a seat as an assemblyman in 1857 and was reelected in 1859.Goff pp. 54]

Following his time in the state legislature, Safford moved to San Francisco were he operated an earthworks business. When the American Civil War broke out, he changed his political affiliation to the Unionist party and later became a Republican. Safford moved to Nevada in early 1862 and was elected county commissioner for Humboldt County in November 1862. After a month in office, he resigned as commissioner and later served as a mining recorder and county recorder. Safford was secretary of the Nevada constitutional convention in November 1863 and President of Nevada's first Republican state convention. To add to his cultural experience, Safford took a two year trip to Europe and then returned to Nevada. He turned down a nomination to the US House of Representatives before being appointed surveyor-general of Nevada by President Andrew Johnson in March 1867. Safford served as surveyor-general for two years before health issues forced him to resign.

Safford married Jenny (or Jennie) L. Tracy in Tucson, Arizona on July 24, 1869. The couple had a son who was born July 2, 1870 and died August 28, 1871. The marriage quickly became estranged and the couple's dispute escalated to the point where Jenny Safford had notices printed claiming her husband had engaged in infidelity and was suffering from a venereal disease. This marriage ended when Arizona's territorial legislature passed a bill granting a divorce to the couple. Governor Safford signing the bill into law in January 1873 and his ex-wife remarried on February 24, 1873. [cite journal |last=Gonda |first=Susan |title=Not a Matter of Choice: San Diego Women and Divorce, 1850-1880 |journal=The Journal of San Diego History |volume=37 |issue=3 |date=Summer 1991 |url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/91summer/divorce.htm ] Goff pp. 51] Safford's second marriage was to Margarita Grijalva on December 12, 1878. The couple had one daughter before Margarita Safford died in New York City on January 7, 1880. Safford's third marriage was to Soledad Bonillas, sister of Ignacio Bonillas, on September 10, 1881. During his life, Safford adopted two children.

Governorship

On March 13, 1869 the Nevada Congressional delegation of Thomas Fitch, James W. Nye, and William M. Stewartpetitioned President Ulysses S Grant to nominate Safford as Governor of Arizona Territory. This nomination was supported by Arizona's Coles Bashford, John N. Goodwin, and Richard C. McCormick along with political figures from California. Safford was nominated on April 3, 1869, commissioned April 9, 1869, and sworn into office on July 9, 1869.Goff pp. 55] His second term began in April 1873 and he declined a third term.

The Safford administration immediately faced the problem of hostile Indians. To counter this threat he called for the creation of volunteer militia and worked with Territorial Delegate McCormick to have General George Stoneman replaced by George Crook in June 1871.Wagoner pp. 103] Safford was also forced to assign a military force to guard the road between Gila Bend and Fort Yuma from Mexican outlaws.Wagoner pp. 105] Other efforts to combat lawlessness included the governor petitioning the territorial legislature to make highway robbery a capital offense and the building of a territorial prison.Wagoner pp. 113-4] As a result of these efforts Indian hostilities were largely eliminates, with only occasional outbreaks, and enough order was instilled into the territory to allow for ranching activities to move to Arizona.Wagoner pp. 117]

Safford's passion while in office was the creation of a public school system. This effort was initially opposed by the legislature, but the governor was able to win passaged of a new property tax on February 17, 1871 to finance creation and operation of schools.Wagoner pp. 106] As ex-officio superintendent of public instruction, the governor corresponding with educators across the nation and even used his personal funds to help build schools or bring new teachers to Arizona.Goff pp. 56] Arizona's first public school opened during March 1872 in Tucson. The one room adobe structure had a single teacher and, at its peak, 138 students.Wagoner pp. 107-8] Other schools were built throughout the territory over the next few years. During his address to the territorial legislature in January 1877, Safford was pleased to report that at least 1450 of the 2955 children counted in the May 1876 census could read and write.Wagoner pp. 113]

After office

After leaving office Safford opened one of Arizona's first banks, with offices in Tucson and Tombstone. He was admitted to the bar in January 1875 but did not work as an attorney. Instead, with the assistance of his friend John S. Vosburg, helped finance several mines. Safford was also president of the Tombstone Gold and Silver Milling and Mining Company for a time. In 1880 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention.Goff pp. 59]

In the early 1880s, Safford sold his business interests for roughly US$140,000 and moved to Philadelphia and then New York City.Wagoner pp. 118] By 1882 Safford had moved to Florida and become involved with building the new community of Tarpon Springs. He was a candidate for Arizona Territorial Governor again in 1889, with support coming from Matthew Quay, Leland Stanford, and William M. Stewart, but was not nominated. Safford's later years were spent in Florida with his family and sister, Mary Jane Safford-Blake. He died on December 15, 1891 in Tarpon Springs and was buried at Cycadia Cemetery.Goff pp. 59-61]

ee also

*Safford House

Footnotes

* Various sources give multiple variations for the spelling of Safford's two middle names. Among these are Peasley, Peacely, Keeler, and Killen.
* Safford's autobiography lists his year of birth as 1828, while other period sources list 1830.

References

Bibliography

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Persondata
NAME = Safford, Anson P. K.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Safford, Anson Pacely Killen
SHORT DESCRIPTION = American politician
DATE OF BIRTH = 14 February 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH = Hyde Park, Vermont
DATE OF DEATH = 15 December 1891
PLACE OF DEATH = Tarpon Springs, Florida