- Temporary capital
A temporary capital or a provisional capital is a country or a town chosen by a
government as an interim base of operations due to some difficulty in establishing control in another metropolitan area. This is common during a civil war, when one faction lacks control of the capital, or during an invasion, when the usual capital is taken or threatened by invaders.Examples include:
* DuringWorld War II due to evacuation actions theSoviet Union had different de facto capitals:
**Kuybyshev (now Samara) — planned temporary capital in case of occupation of Moscow and de facto temporary administrative and diplomatic capital
**Sverdlovsk (nowYekaterinburg ) — de facto temporary industrial capital
**Kazan — de facto temporary scientific capital
**Tyumen — de facto temporary spiritual capital
* Similarly theRepublic of China maintained a temporary capital inChongqing whileJapan occupiedNanjing in theSecond Sino-Japanese War , and following theChinese Revolution theRepublic of China established a capital inTaipei .
* The Pan-Russia n "White" regime of A. Kolchak inOmsk during the Russian Revolution
* During theSpanish Civil War , the Nationalists initially had a temporary capital atBurgos ; once the Nationalists tookMadrid , the Republicans maintained temporary capitals first at Valencia and finally atBarcelona .
* TheSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic inBir Lehlou , rather thanEl Aaiún ,Western Sahara , but with its "de facto" headquarters in Tindouf,Algeria .
* The government ofSomalia in various locations within their territory andKenya , rather thanMogadishu .
*Lithuania inKaunas rather thanVilnius during theinterwar period whenPoland controlled the latter city (seeTemporary capital of Lithuania ).
* The Parliament ofFinland moved fromHelsinki toKauhajoki duringWinter War .
* In theKorean War before theKPA conquered and occupiedSeoul , theSouth Korean government temporairly moved their capital toPusan (Busan) and the many left behind inSeoul had no choice but to accept their fate. The government ofSouth Korea restablishedSeoul as the permanent capital ofSouth Korea after theKorean War Ceasefire .
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