Nahum Sokolow

Nahum Sokolow

Nahum Sokolow (Nahum ben Joseph Samuel Sokolow, Hebrew: נחום ט' סוקולוב‎ Nachum ben Yoseph Shmuel Soqolov, Yiddish: סאָקאָלאָוו, 1859 - 1936) was a Zionist leader, author, translator, and a pioneer of Hebrew journalism.

Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Chairman of the National Committee, addresses the Zionist General Council Meeting in Jerusalem. From right to left: I. Rupaisen, Ben-Zion Mossinson, H. Farbstein, Nahum Sokolow, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Yosef Sprinzak, I. L. Goldberg, Shmaryahu Levin, Eliezer Kaplan (1935)

Born to a rabbinic family in Wyszogród, Poland (then Russian Empire), Sokolow began writing for the local Hebrew newspaper, HaTzefirah, when he was only seventeen years old. He quickly won himself a huge following that crossed the boundaries of political and religious affiliation among Polish Jews, from secular intellectuals to anti-Zionist Haredim, and eventually had his own regular column. Over the years, he would eventually become the newspaper's senior editor and a co-owner.

In 1906 Sokolow was asked to become the secretary general of the World Zionist Congress. In the ensuing years, he crisscrossed Europe and North America to promote the Zionist cause. During World War I, he lived in London, where he was a leading advocate for the Balfour Declaration of 1917, in which the British government declared its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In 1931 he was elected President of the World Zionist Congress, and served in that capacity until 1935, when he was succeeded by Chaim Weizmann. He also served as President of the Jewish Agency for Palestine between 1931 and 1933 and was succeeded by Arthur Ruppin.

Sokolow was a prolific author and translator. His works include a three-volume history of Baruch Spinoza and his times, and various other biographies. He was the first to translate Theodor Herzl's utopian novel Altneuland into Hebrew, giving it the name Tel Aviv (literally, "An Ancient Hill of Spring"). In 1909, the name was adopted for the first modern Hebrew-speaking city: Tel Aviv.

Sokolov came to Rome to gain support for the plan of a Jewish state in Palestine, where he spoke to Monsignor Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII. That Pope Benedict XV had vehemently condemned anti-semitism a year before was seen as a good omen.

He died in London in 1936. The kibbutz Sde Nahum is named for him.

References and notes

Sources

• Berkowitz, Michael (2003). Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914-1933. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521894204, ISBN 9780521894203. http://books.google.com/books?id=1LgVDWu4I2AC. 
• Laqueur, Walter (2003). A history of Zionism. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 1860649327, ISBN 9781860649325. http://books.google.com/books?id=NMjh319vnwAC. 
• Raisin, Max (1970). Great Jews I have known: a gallery of portraits. Ayer Publishing. ISBN 0836980239, ISBN 9780836980233. http://books.google.com/books?id=Us_Hq81kAYoC.  pp. 49–59.
• Volkov, Sulamith (2006). Germans, Jews, and antisemites: trials in emancipation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521846889, ISBN 9780521846882. http://books.google.com/books?id=DjGdCaHJMH0C. 
• Ela Bauer, Between Poles and Jews: The Development of Nahum Sokolow's Political Thought (Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2005).

External links

• SOKOLOW, NAHUM B. JOSEPH SAMUEL in the Jewish Encyclopedia
• Works by or about Nahum Sokolow in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• The personal papers of Nahum Sokolow are kept at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem

See also

• Sokolov Award

Persondata
Name	Sokolow, Nahum
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1859
Place of birth
Date of death	1936
Place of death